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Samenvatting Microbiologie (deel 2, antibiotica)

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Tabellen met te kennen leerstof over fungi, bacterien, antibiotica en virussen

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Uploaded on
February 16, 2022
Number of pages
4
Written in
2021/2022
Type
Summary

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Antibiotica
Target of werkingsmechanisme Subtype Voorbeeld Extra info
Nucleïnezuursynthese-inhibitoren Synthese van precursoren Sulfonamides • Actief tegen Gram + en Gram –
• Structureel gelijkaardig aan para-aminovenzoïnezuur
(substraat in de folaatpathway)
• Selectieve activiteit (mens geen specifiek enzyme in de
folaatpathway)
! R: gen op plasmide codeert voor een andere enzym met
lagere affiniteit
Trimethoprim • Interfereert mer activiteit van het enzym in de
folaatsynthesepathway waarna sulfonamiden dit enzym
inhiberen (synergistich met sulfonamiden)
! R: gen op plasmide codeert voor alternatief enzym. Affiniteit
voor folaat maar veel lagere affiniteit voor Trimethoprim.
DNA-replicatie Fluoroquinolones • Nucleinezuursynthese-inhibitie door gyrase remming!
• Selective toxiciteit: specifiek bacterieel gyrase
! R: synthetische product maar toch resistentie
5-nitro-imidazoles • Metronidazole
• ENKEL voor anaerobe bacteriën
• Ook antiparacitair middel
RNA-polymerase Rifamycines • Rifampicine
• Interferentie met β-subunit van het RNA polymerase->
geblokkeerde mRNA-synthese (Inhibitie van transcriptie) !
• Selective toxiciteit: grotere affiniteit voor bacteriële
polymerases dan voor eukaryote analogen
• Belangrijk in de behandeling van mycobacteriële infecties
• ! Bijwerking: alle fluïda van patienten kunnen rode-orange
kleur hebben na gebruikt van rifamycines.
Eiwitsynthese-inhibitoren 50S- subunit-inhibitoren Macroliden • Binding op peptidyltransferase caviteit van de 50S subinit
van het ribosoom
• Inhibitie van translocatie van peptideketen
• Bacteriostatisch
• ! Geen activiteit tegen Gram –
• VB: erythromycine, azithromycine, clarithromycine
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