US History I Unit 3 Challenge 1.

US History I Unit 3 Challenge 1. US History I Unit 3 Challenge 1. Franz Blasberg and his wife, Ada, immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1790. Franz was a farmer with an education and enough cash in his pocket to buy a plot of land in western Pennsylvania. He and his wife started a family and settled down to a new life in America. Eager to become a naturalized citizen, Franz began to teach himself about the American system of government. One night he repeated to Ada statements he had heard others make about different forms of government. Match the form of government with the statement that describes it. Monarchy C Republic B Democracy A ● A. “We strongly believe in direct representation and majority rule as a form of government." ● B. “We have a government, not a king, and elected representatives will protect the interests of the public.” ● C. “Our recent experiences with King George III show the dangers of tyranny associated with this type of government.” ● D. “We support a type of government that is ruled by the wealthy, because they have proven to be successful.” “Many American revolutionaries,” he went on, “believed only people with civic virtue could make decisions related to governance.” “What is meant by ‘civic virtue’?” asked Ada. “My understanding is that it is a willingness to put the public good before one’s own interests,” Franz replied. "How do they know who possesses civic virtue?" Civic virtue, as Franz describes it, was best exemplified by being educated, male, and a (A) property owner . Franz’s family grew. His firstborn son was soon joined by twin sisters. After working in the fields all day, Franz studied in the evenings. One night, as he read, he informed Ada that the Articles of Confederation preceded the Constitution. “It was the first attempt at government, then?” she queried. “I believe so,” answered Franz. “America was trying to create a government like no other before it. That was surely not an easy process.” Some historians argue that the Articles of Confederation were successful in the context of the Revolutionary War because the national government was able to both (A) unite the states and (B) negotiate the Treaty of Paris Franz became friendly with other recent immigrants when he went into the village. These men described conflicts between laborers and political elites that had occurred before Franz had arrived in the United States. “We feared our state was slipping into tyranny,” admitted an older farmer. “Yes,” said his son, nodding. “We were nearing a desperation point.” "I believe I know what happened next," said Franz hesitantly. "Was it not 1787 and the forming of the Constitutional Convention?" Choose "true" if the statement reflects a problem that led to the formation of the Constitutional Convention, and choose "false" if it does not. = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer true false Several states raised taxes to pay war debts, and the tax burden largely fell on ● rural landowners. When Massachusetts refused to address farmers’ concerns, citizens took up arms against the state. ● The United States continued to receive protective economic policies from the British Empire. ● The British refused to export manufactured goods to the United States. ● Farmers faced foreclosure because they could not pay high taxes and large debts. ● “Yes. Then we had the Constitutional Convention,” reported Hans. “And what was decided there?” Franz asked. “The original intent,” said Hans, “was to amend the Articles of Confederation. I believe there were about 50-60 delegates who met in Philadelphia. They were arguing about who could vote and how much of a voice citizens and states would have in this new national government.” "I have read some about the Great Compromise," said Franz, "but I've had difficulty reconciling it with republicanism." Choose two ways this agreement exemplified the principles of republicanism. ● Delegates believed decisions about legislation should be left to the people. ● Each state legislature would elect two senators to represent the entire state. ● All citizens would vote for and elect the president and vice president. ● All citizens would have equal votes in a bicameral national legislature. ● Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a white person in slave states. ● All states would have representatives based upon the population in the state. Hans warmed to the sound of his own voice. “After they drafted the Constitution, they sent it out to the states later that year, and then the real arguments started.” An old farmer cackled. “Were you a Federalist or an Anti-Federalist? That was the question.” “I have read of the different points of view on that issue,” Franz said thoughtfully. “I am still debating with myself which side I would have chosen.” Classify the statements as likely being spoken by a "Federalist" or by an "Anti-Federalist." = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer Federalist Anti-Federalist "We know a government must reflect the people’s will, but we also know ● people can be corrupted." "The proposed Constitution doesn't have a bill of rights, ● which we need to protect our liberties." "We believe it is best to centralize separate powers under the umbrella of a federal government." ● “Another Federalist, John Adams, was narrowly elected president in 1796. The nation remained divided and the Federalists, as a party, continued to face unrest and challenges,” concluded Hans. Franz listened quietly as others criticized the presidential administrations of Washington and Adams. Choose two statements that reveal criticisms of these administrations. Later that evening, Franz watched as Ada ladled stew into bowls. He told her about the conversation he'd had with the men. “I studied the Declaration of Independence this afternoon, while the children were sleeping,” she said. “And tonight, we shall study the Bill of Rights,” he said. “They were adopted just after we settled here, and they are the reason I want to live in America and be an American citizen.” “It’s important to understand why they were written,” Franz continued. “Many were in response to specific events. Perhaps we will test your knowledge of the history that came before them?” "Let's begin with the Quartering Act," said Ada. "I know exactly which amendment addresses that." Match the amendment in the Bill of Rights to the event(s) that prompted it. First Amendment B Second Amendment D Sixth Amendment C ● A. the requirement that colonists house British soldiers ● B. Puritans’ refusal to accept other forms of religion ● C. the trying of colonial smugglers in vice admiralty courts ● D. the colonial militias being vital to defeating tyranny Franz’s studies of American history brought him almost to contemporaneous events. He read about two members of George Washington’s cabinet: Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. The country was in severe debt when Washington was elected president. These men came to represent different sides of a debate over how to build the nation's economy. Franz and Ada discussed the view they believed was correct and were slightly amused to find they disagreed with each other. “It is fine, dear wife,” said Franz with a grin. “As Americans, we have the right to disagree.” Classify the statements as reflective of Thomas Jefferson’s or Alexander Hamilton’s economic views for the new nation. = Correct Answer = Incorrect Answer Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson "I believe government institutions should stay out of individuals' lives." ● “I favor American economic development that is based on banking ● and commerce.” “I wonder how our children will look back on these events,” Ada mused one night, as they changed into their nightclothes. “There is no way to know,” Franz replied. “But these are momentous days to be living in this country. The Constitutional Convention is no doubt a historic event. I suspect it will be discussed and debated far into the future.” Choose two statements that historians might use to explain how the Constitutional Convention was a “conservative coup d’état.” The Naturalization Act of 1790 required two years of residence before one can apply for citizenship. Franz and Ada filled out an application and filed it with the court. Franz thought about how he might be judged as having good moral character. He was a successful farmer and provided for his family. He had broken no laws and paid his debts. More than anything, he wanted to be a citizen of the United States. As Franz had predicted, even years later, historians would research primary sources and continue to debate different interpretations of the Constitutional Convention. Read the text from a primary source written in 1787: “In all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view, that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consolidation of our Union, in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national existence.” The writer of this text most likely supported a(n) . Match the statement about the creation of the American government to one of the 5C's on the right that it reflects. The creation of an American government was no small task and it took place in several stages. B Considering the time period in which the government was created reveals important information. A Political conflicts after the Revolution eventually led to the Constitutional Convention.D ● A. Context ● B. Change over time ● C. Complexity ● D.