ATI PN NURSING CARE OF THE CHILDREN FOCUSED REVIEW (GUIDE A)

1.Most communicable diseases can be prevented with immunizations. Antibiotics and antitoxins reduce serious complications. Immunizations are a form of primary prevention. Secondary prevention includes the control of the spread of the disease to others. Conjunctivitis, which is also known as pink eye, is spread by direct contact. Incubation will depend on the infection. Pertussis, which is also known as whooping cough, is spread through direct contact, droplet, and indirect contact with freshly contaminated objects. The incubation period will be between 6 and 20 days, usually around 7-10. At 2 hours of age, temperature is approximately 99° F (37.2° C). The temperature stabilizes at 98.6° F (37° C) by about 4 hours of age. Temperature should be obtained from a newborn or infant less than 1 month old using the axillary route. Rectal temperatures are contraindicated in newborns less than 1 month old because the rectal mucosa is fragile, and there is an increased risk of rectal perforation from the thermometer. Oral temperatures are contraindicated in children younger than 5 years old. Oral temperatures are also contraindicated in children who are receiving oxygen, have had recent trauma to the oral mucosa, or have an altered level of consciousness 2.The nurse is taking a blood pressure on a child. What are some nursing considerations when doing the procedure? Suggested Nursing Care of Children Learning Activity: Vital Signs in the Pediatric Population • Allow the child to role play using equipment • Use the extremity as baseline to determine trends • Explain each step of the examination to the child using age appropriate language 3.The nurse is planning activities for toddlers who are hospitalized. What activities would be appropriate for this age group? Identify three (3) appropriate activities. Suggested Nursing Care of Children Learning Activity: Hospitalization and Illness • Large piece puzzles • Finger painting • Playing with blocks 4.A nurse in the emergency department suspects that a child who was admitted for burns of hands and arms may have been abused. What are some findings that may indicate abuse or maltreatment? Suggested Nursing Care of Children Learning Activity: Child Abuse • Inconsistencies between the parent/caregiver’s report and the child’s injuries • Inconsistency between nature of injury and developmental level of the child • Repeated injuries requiring emergency treatment • Inappropriate responses from the parents or child 5.A nurse caring for a child with an acute infectious gastrointestinal disorder is concerned about possible dehydration. Provide five (5) clinical manifestations associated with dehydration. Suggested Nursing Care of Children Learning Activity: Gastrointestinal Disorders • Dry, pale skin, cool lips, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, diminished urinary output, concentrated urine, excessive thirst, rapid pulse, irritability, restlessness, alteration in level of consciousness ..................................................................................CONTINUED