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Samenvatting Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals

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Covering the basics through advanced operation of spark-ignition and diesel engines. Written by one of the most recognized and highly regarded names in internal combustion engines this trusted educational resource and professional reference covers the key physical and chemical processes that govern internal combustion engine operation and design. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, Second Edition, has been thoroughly revised to cover recent advances, including performance enhancement, efficiency improvements, and emission reduction technologies. Highly illustrated and cross referenced, the book includes discussions of these engines' environmental impacts and requirements. You will get complete explanations of spark-ignition and compression-ignition (diesel) engine operating characteristics as well as of engine flow and combustion phenomena and fuel requirements. Coverage includes: - Engine types and their operation - Engine design and operating parameters - Thermochemistry of fuel-air mixtures - Properties of working fluids - Ideal models of engine cycles - Gas exchange processes - Mixture preparation in spark-ignition engines - Charge motion within the cylinder - Combustion in spark-ignition engines - Combustion in compression-ignition engines - Pollutant formation and control - Engine heat transfer - Engine friction and lubrication - Modeling real engine flow and combustion processes - Engine operating characteristics

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2. WERKELIJKE KRINGLOOP

- werkelijk p.V diagram wijkt af van theoretische
vergelijkingskringloop

- spoellus:

onderstellen stationaire
stroming, onsamendrukbaar
fluïdum
vanuit punt A (atmosfeer) tot
punt C (cilinder)


c 2A cC2
p A + ρ A + ρ A gh A = p C + ρC + ρ C gh C + Δp l
2 2

c2
∼ k ⋅ρ
2

• bij aanzuigen pC < pA
• pC ≈ pA bi j open gasklep en n <
• pC << pA bi j gesloten gasklep en n > (ottomotor)
(gelijkaardige redenering voor uitlaat !) pC > pA

- in cilinder op elk ogenblik pA dx = dWi
F
of dWi = pdv

en Wi = ∫ pdV en Wi = p i ⋅ VS



werk. kringloop slide1.

,2.1. COMPRESSIE, VERBRANDING, EXPANSIE

- bij IS : mengsel verse lading en restgas 70 à 180 °C
en 0,2 à 1 bar bij zelfaanzuiging otto
zelfaanzuiging diesel ≈ 1 bar
opgeladen motoren 1,5 à max 4 bar
(1,5 → PW ; 4 → scheepsdiesels)

- vanaf IS compressie volgens polytrope transf pVm = Cte
voor nabijgelegen punten 1 en 2 → p1 V1m = p 2 V2m

log p1 − log p 2
m= verloop zie figuur
log V2 − log V1

1) verandering van 6 over de cyclus
cp-cV = R
R
→ 6 cV - c V = R → κ = 1+
cV
c p = 6 cV

cV - ↑ met T ↑
- cV groter voor 3-atomige gassen dan voor 2-
atomige

dus cV ↑ met 8 ↓ (voor 8 > 1)

dus 6 ↓ met T ↑
6 ↓ als omzetting naar 3-atomige gassen (CO2,
H2O, verbranding)



werk. kringloop slide2.

, 2) herhaling enkele basisformules thermodynamica


dQ = dU + dW
met dQ > 0 als warmte naar gas
dW > 0 als arbeid afgegeven
dW = pdV-dR

→ afgegeven arbeid = expansiearbeid - irreversibele
inwendige wrijvingsverliezen

inwendige irreversibele wrijvingsverliezen als warmte aan
het gas toegevoerd waardoor entropie toeneemt

TdS = dQ + dR

Vorige formules dan :
dQ = dU + pdV-dR
dQ + dR = dU + pdV
TdS = dU + pdV




werk. kringloop slide3.

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Uploaded on
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