EXAM 1 intro 1309 CHAPTERS 1,2,4,5,9
Chapter 1 Nursing Today
Nursing as a Profession
Patient-centered care
Concept to improve work efficiency by changing the way that patient care is delivered
o Person, family, community
Mutual partnerships between patient, family and health care team are formed to plan, implement
and evaluate the nursing health care delivered.
Professionalism
o Requires critical thinking
o Administer patient-centered quality care
o Be responsible and accountable
Health care advocacy groups
o Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action
o Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future of Nursing
Science and Art of Nursing Practice
Nursing requires:
o Current knowledge and practice standards
o Insightful and compassionate approach
o Critical thinking
Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency:
o Novice – Beginning stage with no level of experience
o Advanced beginner – some level of experience and able to identify aspect or principles care
o Competent- 2 to 3 years of experience in the field
o Proficient – have more than 2 to 3 years of experience
o Expert – with a more focus on the situation to solve the problem
, Scope and Standards of Practice
Nursing definitions
o American Nurses Association (ANA)
Commitment of nurse to provide care that promotes the well-being of their patients and
communities
o International Council of Nurses (ICN)
Collaborative care of individuals of all age, families, groups, and communities, sick or well in all
settings
Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
o 1960: Documentation began
o Standards of Professional Nursing Practice
Duties that all registered nurses, regardless of role, population, or specialty, are expected to
perform
o Standards of Professional Performance
The nurses to give high quality care to the patient. Make sure nurse are at the giving standard of
care.
o Code of Ethics
The right and wrong of the principles of patient care. Carrying out nursing responsibilities with
quality care.
Professional Responsibilities and Roles
o Autonomy – initiation of independent nursing interventions w/o medical orders
o Accountability – responsible professionally & legally for the type & quality of nursing care provided
o Caregiver - help patients maintain health, set realistic goals, treat holistically
o Advocate- protect your patients’ human and legal rights
o Educator – helps others understand different aspects of health
o Communicator – essential for nurse-patient relationship
o Manager – establish environment for collaborative patient-centered care
Career Development
, Provider of care
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
o Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) expert/ specialist in field
o Nurse Practitioner (NP) comprehensive health care
o Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM)
o Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
Nurse Educator
Nurse Administrator
Nurse Researcher
Nursing Shortage
Correlation between direct care provided by an RN and:
o Positive patient outcomes
o Reduced complication rates
o More rapid return of the patient to optimal functional status
With fewer available nurses, it is important to learn to use your patient contact time efficiently and
professionally.
Historical Influences
Nurses:
o Respond to needs of patients
o Actively participate in determining best practices
Knowledge of the history of the nursing profession increases your ability to understand the social and
intellectual origins of the discipline.
Florence Nightingale
o Established first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration
o Organized first school of nursing
o First practicing epidemiologist
o Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
o Practices remain a basic part of nursing today
Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
, o Clara Barton – founder of the American Red Cross
o Dorthea Lynde Dix – Advocated for fair treatment of Mentally III
o Mother Bickerdyke – Organize hospitals and ambulances, appointed nurses, solider wound care and
regulated supplies for the troops.
o Harriet Tubman- influenced nursing during Civil war, active in the underground railroad movement
o Mary Mahoney – 1st black graduate who advocated for fair treatment of black patients.
o Isabel Hampton Robb- found the Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada in
1896
o Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
Twentieth Century
Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge
Nurses assumed expanded and advanced practice roles
o 1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting, first nursing professor at Columbia Teacher’s College
o Army and Navy Nurse Corps established
o 1920s: Nursing specialization began
o 1990: ANA established Center for Ethics and Human Rights
Twenty-First Century
o Changes in curriculum to meet changing societal needs
o Advances in technology and informatics requires nurses to have a strong and current knowledge base
o Last Acts Campaign
o End-of-life care and practices added to nursing curricula
Contemporary Influences
Importance of nurses’ self-care
o Burnout- perceived demands outweigh perceived resources
o Compassion fatigue – burnout and secondary traumatic stress
o Lateral Violence – behaviors such as withholding information, making snide remarks, and
demonstrating nonverbal expressions of disapproval, such as raising eyebrows or making faces
(new grads)
Health care reform and costs
Chapter 1 Nursing Today
Nursing as a Profession
Patient-centered care
Concept to improve work efficiency by changing the way that patient care is delivered
o Person, family, community
Mutual partnerships between patient, family and health care team are formed to plan, implement
and evaluate the nursing health care delivered.
Professionalism
o Requires critical thinking
o Administer patient-centered quality care
o Be responsible and accountable
Health care advocacy groups
o Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action
o Institute of Medicine (IOM) publication on The Future of Nursing
Science and Art of Nursing Practice
Nursing requires:
o Current knowledge and practice standards
o Insightful and compassionate approach
o Critical thinking
Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency:
o Novice – Beginning stage with no level of experience
o Advanced beginner – some level of experience and able to identify aspect or principles care
o Competent- 2 to 3 years of experience in the field
o Proficient – have more than 2 to 3 years of experience
o Expert – with a more focus on the situation to solve the problem
, Scope and Standards of Practice
Nursing definitions
o American Nurses Association (ANA)
Commitment of nurse to provide care that promotes the well-being of their patients and
communities
o International Council of Nurses (ICN)
Collaborative care of individuals of all age, families, groups, and communities, sick or well in all
settings
Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice
o 1960: Documentation began
o Standards of Professional Nursing Practice
Duties that all registered nurses, regardless of role, population, or specialty, are expected to
perform
o Standards of Professional Performance
The nurses to give high quality care to the patient. Make sure nurse are at the giving standard of
care.
o Code of Ethics
The right and wrong of the principles of patient care. Carrying out nursing responsibilities with
quality care.
Professional Responsibilities and Roles
o Autonomy – initiation of independent nursing interventions w/o medical orders
o Accountability – responsible professionally & legally for the type & quality of nursing care provided
o Caregiver - help patients maintain health, set realistic goals, treat holistically
o Advocate- protect your patients’ human and legal rights
o Educator – helps others understand different aspects of health
o Communicator – essential for nurse-patient relationship
o Manager – establish environment for collaborative patient-centered care
Career Development
, Provider of care
Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
o Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) expert/ specialist in field
o Nurse Practitioner (NP) comprehensive health care
o Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM)
o Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
Nurse Educator
Nurse Administrator
Nurse Researcher
Nursing Shortage
Correlation between direct care provided by an RN and:
o Positive patient outcomes
o Reduced complication rates
o More rapid return of the patient to optimal functional status
With fewer available nurses, it is important to learn to use your patient contact time efficiently and
professionally.
Historical Influences
Nurses:
o Respond to needs of patients
o Actively participate in determining best practices
Knowledge of the history of the nursing profession increases your ability to understand the social and
intellectual origins of the discipline.
Florence Nightingale
o Established first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration
o Organized first school of nursing
o First practicing epidemiologist
o Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals
o Practices remain a basic part of nursing today
Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
, o Clara Barton – founder of the American Red Cross
o Dorthea Lynde Dix – Advocated for fair treatment of Mentally III
o Mother Bickerdyke – Organize hospitals and ambulances, appointed nurses, solider wound care and
regulated supplies for the troops.
o Harriet Tubman- influenced nursing during Civil war, active in the underground railroad movement
o Mary Mahoney – 1st black graduate who advocated for fair treatment of black patients.
o Isabel Hampton Robb- found the Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada in
1896
o Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
Twentieth Century
Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge
Nurses assumed expanded and advanced practice roles
o 1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting, first nursing professor at Columbia Teacher’s College
o Army and Navy Nurse Corps established
o 1920s: Nursing specialization began
o 1990: ANA established Center for Ethics and Human Rights
Twenty-First Century
o Changes in curriculum to meet changing societal needs
o Advances in technology and informatics requires nurses to have a strong and current knowledge base
o Last Acts Campaign
o End-of-life care and practices added to nursing curricula
Contemporary Influences
Importance of nurses’ self-care
o Burnout- perceived demands outweigh perceived resources
o Compassion fatigue – burnout and secondary traumatic stress
o Lateral Violence – behaviors such as withholding information, making snide remarks, and
demonstrating nonverbal expressions of disapproval, such as raising eyebrows or making faces
(new grads)
Health care reform and costs
