TEST BANK FOR Energy Management 3rd Edition International Version By Klaus Dieter E. Pawlik (Solutions Manual)

Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK FOR Energy Management 3rd Edition International Version By Klaus Dieter E. Pawlik (Solutions Manual) Solutions Manual for Guide to Energy Management, Third Edition Klaus-Dieter E, Pawlik Published by 700 Indian Trail Lilburn, GA 30047 THE FAIRMONT PRESS, INC. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Chapter 10: Chapter 11: Chapter 12: Chapter 13: Introduction to Energy Management ................................. 1 The Energy Audit Process: An Overview ........................ 15 Understanding Energy Bill ................................................. 21 Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Costing .................... 37 Lighting ................................................................................... 53 Heating. Ventilating. and Air Conditioning .................... 69 Combustion Processes and the Use of Industrial Wastes ..................................................... 83 Steam Generation and Distribution .................................. 93 Control Systems and Computers ..................................... 101 Maintenance ......................................................................... 109 Insulation .............................................................................. 117 Process Energy Management ............................................ 131 Renewable Energy Sources and Water ........................... 139 Management Supplemental ........................................................................ 149 V Chapter 1: Introduction to Energy Management Problem: For your university or organization, list some energy management projects that might be good ”first ones,” or early selections. Solution: Early projects should have a rapid payback, a high probability of success, and few negative consequences (increasing/ decreasing the air-conditioning/heat, or reducing lighting levels). Examples: Switching to a more efficient light source (especially in conditioned areas where one not only saves with the reduced power consumption of the lamps but also from reduced refrigeration or air-conditioning load). Repairing steam leaks. Small steam leaks become large leaks over time. Insulating hot fluid pipes and tanks. Install high efficiency motors. And many more 1 2 Solutions Manual for Guide to Energy Management Problem: Again for your university or organization, assume you are starting a program and are defining goals. What are some potential first-year goals? Solution: Goals should be tough but achievable, measurable, and specific. Examples: Total energy per unit of production will drop by 10 percent for the first and an additional 5 percent the second. Within 2 years all energy consumers of 5 million British thermal units per hour (Btuh) or larger will be separately metered for monitoring purposes. Each plant in the division will have an active energy management program by the end of the first year. All plants will have contingency plans for gas curtailments of varying duration by the end of the first year. All boilers of 50,000 lbm/hour 'or larger will be examined for waste heat recovery potential the first year. ManageInmtre ondt Eucnteirogny to 3 Problem: Perform the following energy conversions and calculations: A spherical balloon with a diameter of ten feet is filled with natural gas. How much energy is contained in that quantity of natural gas? How many Btu are in 200 therms of natural gas? How many Btu in 500 gallons of 92 fuel oil? An oil tanker is carrying 20,000 barrels of #2 fuel oil. If each gallon of fuel oil will generate 550 kwh of electric energy in a power plant, how many kwh can be generated from the oil in the tanker? How much coal is required at a power plant with a heat rate of 10,000 Btu/kWh to run a 6 kW electric resistance heater constantly for 1 week (16 8 hours)? A large 'city has a population which is served by a single electric utility which burns coal to generate electrical energy. If there are 500,000 utility customers using an average of 12,000 kwh per year, how many tons of coal must be burned in the power plants if the heat rate is 10,500 Btu/kWh? Consider an electric heater with a 4,500 watt heating element. Assuming that the water heater is 98% efficient, how long will it take to heat 50 gallons of water from 70 degree F to 140 degree F? 4 Solutions Manual for Guide to Energy Management Solution: a) V = -- b) E = - E = C) E = d ) V = e) V = f ) E = 4/3 (PI) P 4/3 x 3.14 x 53 523.33 ft3 V x 1,000 Btu/cubic foot of natural gas 523.33 ft3 X 1,000 Btu/ft3 523,333 Btu 200 therms x 100, 000 Btu/therm of natural gas 20,000,000 Btu 500 gallons x 140,000 Btu/gallon of #2 fuel oil 70,000,000 Btu 20,000 barrels X 42 gal./barrel X 550 kWh/gal. 4.6€+08 kwh 10,000 Btu/kWh X 6 kW X 168 h/25,000,000 Btu/ton coal 0.40 tons of coal 500,000 cus. X 12,000 kWh/cus. X 10,500 Btu/kWh X I ton/25,000,000 Btu 2,520,000 tons of coal 50 gal. x 8.34 lbm/gal. X (140F - 70F) X 29,190 Btu 29,190 Btu/3,412 Btu/kWh 8.56 kwh 8.56 kWhl4.5 kW/0.98 1.94 h 1 Btu/F/lbm Introduction to Energy Management 5 Problem: If you were a member of the upper level management in charge of implementing an energy managemenpt rogram at your university or organization, what actions would you take to reward participating individuals and to reinforce commitment to energy management? Solution: The following actions should be taken to reward individuals and reinforce commitment to energy management: Develop goals and a way of tracking their progress. Develop an energy accounting system with a performance measure such as Btu/sq. ft or Btu/unit. Assign energy costs to a cost center, profit center, an investment center or some other department that has an individual responsibility for cost or profit. Reward (with a monetary bonus) all employees who control cost or profit relative to the level of cost or profit. At the risko f being repetitive, note that the level of cost or profit should include energy costs. 6 Solutions Manual for Guide to Energy Management Problem: Solution: A person takes a shower for ten minutes. The water flow rate is three gallons per minute, the temperature of the shower water is 110 degrees E Assuming that cold water is at 65 degrees F, and that hot water from a 70% efficient gas water heater is at 1,40 degrees F, how many cubic feet of natural gas does it take to provide the hot water for the shower? E = - v = - - 10 min x 3 gal./min X 8.34 lbm/gal X 11,259 Btu (110 F - 65 F) x 1 Btu/lbm/F 11,259 Btu X 1 cubic foot/1,000 Btu/O.70 16.08 cubic feet of natural gas Introduction to Energy Management 7 Problem: An office building uses 1 Million kwh of electric energy and 3,000 gallons of #2 fuel oil per year. The building has 45,000 square feet of conditioned space. Determine the Energy Use Index (EUI) and compare it to the average EUI of an office building. Solution: E(e1ect.) = 1,000,000 kWh/yr. x 3,412 Btu/kWh = 3,412,000,000 Btu/yr. E(#2 fuel) = 3,000 gal./yr. x 140,000 Btu/gal. = 420,000,000 Btu/yr. E = 3,832,000,000 Btu/yr. EUI = 3,832,000,000 Btu/yr./45,000 sq. ft = 85,156 Btulsq. ftlyr, which is less than the average ofice building 8 Solutions Manual for Guide to Energy Management m Problem: The office building in Problem 1.6 pays $65,000 a year for electric energy and $3,300 a year for fuel oil. Determine the Energy Cost Index (ECI) for the building and compare it to the ECI for an average building. Solution: ECI = ($65,000 + $3,300)/45,000 sq. ft = $1.52/sq. ftlyr. which is greater than the average building