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Samenvatting alle artikelen DGGZ

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Beknopte samenvatting van alle artikelen van DGGZ, geschreven in het Nederlands.

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January 24, 2022
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Ardila, The Impact of Culture on Neuropsychological Test Performance

Wat is cultuur?
- Cultuur is een verzameling van geleerde tradities en manier van leven, gedeeld door
een groep
- Culture is the specific way of living of a human group
- Cultuur kan in drie dimensies worden gedeeld
1. The internal, subjective or psychological representation of culture, including
thinking, feeling, knowledge, values, attitudes, and beliefs

2. The behavioral dimension, including the ways to relate with others, ways of
behaving in different contexts and circumstances, festivities and meeting,
patterns of associations, and so forth
3. Cultural elements or the physical elements characteristic of that human group
such as symbolic elements, clothes, or- naments, houses, instruments, weapons,
and so forth

Waarom beïnvloedt cultuur cognitieve test performance?
- Er worden drie redenen besproken waarom cognitieve tests niet cross-cultural zijn:
1. Values and meanings
2. Modes of knowing
3. Conventions of communication
- Values and meanings
 Dezelfde items hebben niet dezelfde betekenis in verschillende culturen
- Modes of knowing
 In verschillende culturen wordt anders over kennis gedacht, bijvoorbeeld
collectief vs individueel
 Vragen als ‘Why do you think?’ zijn voor sommigen niet logisch, zij zien kennis
als feitelijk en niet eigen
- Conventions of communication
 Communicatie verschilt sterk per cultuur
 Denk bijvoorbeeld aan het communiceren met een vreemde
 Of tussen volwassenen en kinderen

Vijf culturele aspecten die neuropsychologische test performance beïnvloeden
1. Patterns of abilities
 Cultuur bepaald wat geleerd moet worden, op welke leeftijd en door welk
geslacht
 Zo bepaald cultuur de cognitieve stijl, en bekwaamheden
2. Cultural values
 Cultuur bepaald wat relevant en significant is
 De volgende culturele waarden liggen ten grondslag van psychometrisch
georiënteerd cognitief testen
o One-to-one relationship
o Background authority
o Best performance
o Isolated environment

, o Special type of communication
o Speed
o Internal or subjective issues
o Use of specific testing elements and testing strategies
3. Familiarity
4. Language
5. Education
 Scholing bevat vaak stof dat getest wordt bij cognitieve tests
 Scholing leidt tot een positieve attitude richting cognitieve tests
 Analfabeten scoren vaak relatief laag op cognitieve tests
 Echter, scholing is niet gerelateerd aan het oplossen van alledaagse
problemen
 Er is geen lineair verband tussen scholing en testscore, maar een omgekeerd
evenredig verband, de toename is bij de eerste jaren scholing relatief groot,
maar neemt af

Zes variabelen hebben invloed op de test performance van minorities
1. Nationality
2. Culture
3. Language
4. Normality
 How normal is your group in your living environment?
5. Reference group
6. Social image

Psychological consequences of being a member of a minority group
1. Paranoia
2. Decreased self-esteem
3. Isolation
4. Cultural solitude
5. Frustration
6. Anger
7. Depression
8. Homesickness
9. Feelings of failure and/or succes
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