NSG 5003 MIDTERM EXAM 2 – QUESTION AND ANSWERS

Question : What two types of hearing loss are associated with noise? Student Answer: Acoustic trauma and noise induced High frequency and low frequency High frequency and acoustic trauma Noise induced and low frequency Instructor Explanation: Two types of hearing loss are associated with noise: (1) acoustic trauma or instantaneous damage caused by a single sharply rising wave of sound (e.g., gunfire), and (2) noise-induced hearing loss, the more common type, which is the result of prolonged exposure to intense sound (e.g., noise associated with the workplace and leisure-time activities). The remaining options are not related to noise but rather to the amplitude of the sound. Question 7. Question : A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called: Student Answer: Hemolytic shock Anaphylaxis Necrotizing vasculitis Systemic erythematosus Instructor Explanation: Examples of systemic anaphylaxis are allergic reactions to beestings, peanuts, and fish. The other options are not accurate examples of hypersensitivity. Question 8. Question : Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells? Student Answer: IL-1 IL-10 Tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α) Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) Instructor Explanation: Only interferons are produced and released by virally infected cells in response to viral double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA). IFN-α and IFN-β induce the production of antiviral proteins, thereby conferring protection on uninfected cells. IFN-α or IFN-β is released from virally infected cells and attaches to a receptor on a neighboring cell. IFNs also enhance the efficiency of developing an acquired immune response.