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Samenvatting Microbiologie 1: Mycotoxinen

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Samenvatting/schema mycotoxinen Vak: microbiologie 1

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Uploaded on
January 9, 2022
Number of pages
1
Written in
2020/2021
Type
Summary

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Moederkoren-alkaloïden

 Door Claviceps purpurea
 Rogge, tarwe...
 Darmkrampen, doorbloedingen (tenen en vingers sterven af) en hallucinaties
 Komt niet meer voor (ontsmetzaad)

Aflatoxinen

 Aspergillus
 Blauw/groen
 Besmetting
o Besmetten maïs, pinda’s, hazelnoten, pistachenoten, granen, rijst, peulvruchten en
nootmuskaat
o Verschrompelde en beschimmelde nootjes
 Toxiciteit
o Levertumoren, ongeboren kind -> gevoeliger voor leverschade en kanker
o Vooral in tropische gebieden -> klimaatomstandigheden, hepatitis B
o Vee -> melk

Ochratoxine A

 Penicillium verrucosum
 Aspergillus
 Graan, fruit, specerijen, koffie, wijn en druivensap
 Toxisch voor nieren -> beïnvloedt immuunsysteem en is neurotoxisch
 Wnr graan nat wordt opgeslagen

Patuline

 Rottende appels, producten op basis van appels
 Carcinogeen (= kankerverwekkend)
 Tast immuunsysteem en zenuwstelsel aan

Fusariumtoxines

 Tijdens de groei van graan
 In bloem, brood, pasta, gebak, koekjes, ontbijtgranen en granensnacks

 Deoxynivalenol (DON)
o Wordt tijdens koken van pasta deels verwijderd
o Maken van tarwebloem worden mycotoxines verwijderd
 Zearalenon
o Maïs -> maïsolie
o Niet door hitte geïnactiveerd
 Fumonisines
o Maïs en maïsproducten
o Carcinogeen en neurotoxisch
 T2- en HT2-toxines
o Haver
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