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Samenvatting vestibulaire revalidatie - Luc Vereeck

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Neurological Physiotherapy 3 1Ma Margo Jacobs


Vestibulaire revalidatie
Anatomie en fysiologie vh vest systeem.................................................................................... 6
1 Components and tasks (function) of the vestibular system .......................................... 6
1.1 Input ....................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1 Proprioceptie ................................................................................................. 6
1.1.2 Labyrinth ........................................................................................................ 6
1.1.3 Vision .............................................................................................................. 7
1.1.3.1 Detectie van obstakels in de omgeving ..................................................... 7
1.1.3.2 Detectie van eigen beweging tov stilstaande objecten ............................. 8
1.1.3.3 Visuele oriëntatie ....................................................................................... 8
1.1.4 Andere sensorische input .............................................................................. 8
1.2 Integratie................................................................................................................ 8
1.3 Output/taken ......................................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Vestibulo-occulaire reflex .............................................................................. 8
1.3.2 Vestibulo-thalamo-corticale projecties ......................................................... 8
1.3.3 Vestibulospinale reflex................................................................................... 9
1.3.4 Vestibulo-autonomische interacties .............................................................. 9
1.3.5 Vestibulaire invloeden op de hypothalamische regulatie van het
circadiaanse ritme .......................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Overzicht ................................................................................................................ 9
2 Het labyrint .................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Semicirculaire kanalen ......................................................................................... 10
2.2 Ampulla ................................................................................................................ 10
2.2.1 Crista ampullaris .......................................................................................... 10
2.2.2 Functie ampulla ............................................................................................ 11
2.2.3 Excitatie/inhibitie haarcellen ....................................................................... 11
2.3 Otolietorganen ..................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Compositie van de macula ........................................................................... 11
2.3.2 Functie otolietorganen ................................................................................ 11
2.4 Vascularisatie van het labyrint ............................................................................. 12
2.5 Innervatie van het labyrint................................................................................... 12
3 Vestibulaire connecties ................................................................................................ 12
3.1 Vestibulo-oculaire reflex (VOR) ........................................................................... 13
3.1.1 Push pull fenomeen ..................................................................................... 14
3.1.2 Nystagmus.................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Vestibulo-spinale reflex ....................................................................................... 14


1

,Neurological Physiotherapy 3 1Ma Margo Jacobs


3.2.1 Strategieën ................................................................................................... 14
3.2.2 Output voor de vestibulo-spinale reflex ...................................................... 14
...................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Vestibulo-thalamo-corticale projecties ............................................................... 15
3.3.1 Connecties vanaf de thalamus ..................................................................... 15
3.4 Vestibulo-cerebellaire connecties ....................................................................... 15
4 Bijdrage van het centrale vestibulaire systeem (CVS) ................................................. 16
4.1 Verder dan de reflexen ........................................................................................ 16
4.2 Problemen dat CVS moet oplossen ..................................................................... 16
4.2.1 Compensatie voor overload......................................................................... 16
4.2.2 Wagenziekte (motion sickness) ................................................................... 17
4.2.3 Herstel (plasticiteit vestibulocerebellum).................................................... 18
4.3 Rol van het cerebellum (en hersenstam)............................................................. 18
4.3.1 Cerebellum ................................................................................................... 18
4.3.2 Vestibulocerebellum: flocculus en paraflocculus ........................................ 18
4.3.3 Vestibulocerebellum: nodulus en ventrale uvula ........................................ 18
5 Korte samenvatting ...................................................................................................... 19
Oorzaken van vertigo en duizeligheid ..................................................................................... 20
1 Vestibulaire aandoeningen .......................................................................................... 20
1.1 Perifere vestibulaire aandoeningen..................................................................... 20
1.2 Centrale (functionele) vestibulaire aandoeningen .............................................. 20
1.3 Gemengde perifere en centrale aandoeningen .................................................. 21
2 Niet-vestibulaire aandoeningen .................................................................................. 21
3 Rol van de kinesitherapeut .......................................................................................... 21
3.1 Patroonherkenning .............................................................................................. 21
3.2 SO STONED anamnese ......................................................................................... 21
3.2.1 Symptomen .................................................................................................. 22
3.2.2 Occurence / Frequentie ............................................................................... 22
3.2.3 Since when ................................................................................................... 22
3.2.4 Triggers......................................................................................................... 22
3.2.5 Otologische symptomen .............................................................................. 23
3.2.6 Neurologische aspecten............................................................................... 23
3.2.7 Evolutie ........................................................................................................ 23
3.2.8 Duur ............................................................................................................. 23
4 De ogen zijn de spiegel van het vestibulaire systeem ................................................. 24



2

,Neurological Physiotherapy 3 1Ma Margo Jacobs


4.1 Nystagmus............................................................................................................ 24
4.1.1 Definitie........................................................................................................ 24
4.1.2 Observeren met of zonder onderdrukking van visuele fixatie .................... 24
4.1.3 Classificatie................................................................................................... 24
5 Vergelijking tussen perifere en centrale vestibulaire oorzaken van duizeligheid ....... 25
6 RODE VLAGGEN............................................................................................................ 26
Assessment van de VOR........................................................................................................... 27
1 Wat is de functie van de VOR ?.................................................................................... 27
2 Registratie oogbewegingen ......................................................................................... 27
2.1 Elektronystagmografie ......................................................................................... 27
2.2 3D-videonystagmografie (VNG) ........................................................................... 27
2.3 Video-occuloscopie .............................................................................................. 27
2.4 Sclerale zoekspoel test......................................................................................... 27
3 Labo testen................................................................................................................... 28
3.1 ENG of VNG test protocol (horizontale SCC (lage & medium frequentie): ......... 28
3.2 Video hoofd impuls test: ...................................................................................... 29
3.3 Unilaterale centrifugatie test (utriculus) ............................................................. 29
3.4 Retinal image slip velocity ................................................................................... 29
3.5 Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials .............................................................. 29
3.6 Subjectieve visuele verticale test......................................................................... 30
4 Klinische bedside tests ................................................................................................. 30
4.1 Halmagyi head thrust test (HHTT) ....................................................................... 30
4.2 Head shaking test (Barany) .................................................................................. 30
4.3 Dynamic visual acuity test (DVA test) .................................................................. 30
4.4 VOR cancellation test ........................................................................................... 31
4.5 Dix-hallpike test, side lying test & roll test .......................................................... 31
5 Questionnaire .............................................................................................................. 31
5.1 Oscillopsia severity questionnaire ....................................................................... 31
Evaluatie en behandeling BPPV ............................................................................................... 32
1 Definitie........................................................................................................................ 32
2 Epidemiologie .............................................................................................................. 32
3 Etiologie ....................................................................................................................... 32
4 Pathogenese ................................................................................................................ 33
4.1 Oriëntatie semicirculaire kanalen ........................................................................ 33
4.2 Atypische vormen BPPV ....................................................................................... 33



3

, Neurological Physiotherapy 3 1Ma Margo Jacobs


5 Symptomen en tekens ................................................................................................. 34
6 Beoordeling .................................................................................................................. 34
6.1 Dix hallpike test.................................................................................................... 35
6.2 Sidelying test ........................................................................................................ 35
6.3 Roll test ................................................................................................................ 36
6.3.1 HSCC BPPV canalolithiase ............................................................................ 36
6.3.2 HSCC BPPV cupulolithiase ............................................................................ 36
6.4 Overzicht .............................................................................................................. 36
6.5 Voorbeelden ........................................................................................................ 37
7 Behandeling ................................................................................................................. 37
7.1 Posterieure SCC BBPV .......................................................................................... 38
7.1.1 Epley ............................................................................................................. 38
7.1.2 Sémont manoeuvre ..................................................................................... 39
7.1.3 Gans repositioning manoeuvre.................................................................... 39
7.2 Anterieure SCC BPPV............................................................................................ 39
7.2.1 Modified sémont voor anterieur SCC .......................................................... 40
7.3 Horizontale SCC BPPV .......................................................................................... 40
7.3.1 Lempert manoeuvre (BBQ- rol of log roll) ................................................... 40
7.3.2 Gufoni manoeuvre ....................................................................................... 40
7.4 Conclusie .............................................................................................................. 41
7.5 Vestibulaire Habituatie training ........................................................................... 41
Beoordeling vestibulo-spinale reflex ....................................................................................... 42
1 Kwantitatief .................................................................................................................. 42
1.1 Rechtstaand evenwicht ........................................................................................ 42
1.1.1 Romberg en afleidingen ............................................................................... 42
1.1.2 CTSIB (clinical test of sensory interaction in balance) ................................. 42
1.1.3 ENT-UZA protocol ........................................................................................ 42
1.1.4 Vier punten balans schaal ............................................................................ 43
1.2 Functioneel/wandel evenwicht (dynamisch)....................................................... 43
1.3 Meerdere testbatterijen ...................................................................................... 44
1.3.1 Dynamic gait index ....................................................................................... 44
2 Relatie tussen ENG (VOR-functie) resultaten en klinische balans testen resultaten
(VSR functie)......................................................................................................................... 44
3 Extra info ...................................................................................................................... 44
Behandelprotocol voor perifere vest dysfunctie ..................................................................... 45
1 Perifere vestibulaire dysfunctie ................................................................................... 45


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