HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Endocrine system =
endocrine
glands
→
hormones ( chemical messengers)
uctless glands =
release hormones directly into bloodstream .
>
target organs
Exocrine glands =
secrete viaducts to cavity or outside e.
g salivary glands
chemical coordination : control i. co -
ordination of hormones in blood .
HORMONES
ENOCRINENERVT
-
chemical
>
Organic chemical messenger message electrochemical
message
>
proteins or steroids slower response Fast response
>
secreted small ↳ doesn't last
quantities Response long lasting
:
long
>
Target organs have receptors for specific hormone Bloodstream Nerves
>
Regulatory function -
>
Regulated by negative or positive feedback mechanisms
Negative feedback mechanism :
Any deviation from normal levels elicits a response that restores normal levels .
ENDOCRINE GLANDS & their HORMONES
Hypophysis Pituitary gland
' '
Master gland
location : Base of brain attached to hypothalamus in
cavity
'
,
=
cranium
>
2 lobes →
Anterior adenohypophysis
Posterior neuro
hypothesis)
Relationship between hypothalamus & hypo physics
> controls pituitary gland function link between nervous { endocrine system
↳ secretes
releasing factors via neurons / blood Stimulates .
hypophysis to produce/ release hormones
hypophysis
>
Hypothalamus connected to
→
blood vessels →
anterior lobe
→
neurons →
posterior lobe
Hypothalamus produces hormones posterior lobe storage
> →
neurons → =
sapper
Kappa
, ANTERIOR LOBE HORMONES
TSH (Thyroid hormone)
stimulating
>
Target organ Thyroid gland :
Thyroid secretes thyroxine
→
5TH (so Matotropic hormone / growth hormone)
>
Target organ :
muscles i. skeleton ( stimulates synthesis of proteins)
Promotes growth
→
0
Disorders :
>
under secretion
-
:
hyposecretion
children pituitary dwarfism
• =
>
over -
secretion :
hypersecretion
•
children =
gigantism
•
Adults =
Acromegaly
FSH (
Follicle-stimulating hormone)
Target organ ovaries
>
±
:
testes
→
development of primary follicle into mature G-raafian follicles
→
activates germinal epithelium that produces sperm cells
LH ( lutein ising hormone)
Target organ ovaries
>
±
:
testes
stimulates ovulation (release secondary oocyte) + development of Corpus luteum
→
→
stimulates cells of Leydig to produce testosterone
Prolactin
>
Target organ mammary glands :
stimulates to produce milk
mammary glands
→
.
Endocrine system =
endocrine
glands
→
hormones ( chemical messengers)
uctless glands =
release hormones directly into bloodstream .
>
target organs
Exocrine glands =
secrete viaducts to cavity or outside e.
g salivary glands
chemical coordination : control i. co -
ordination of hormones in blood .
HORMONES
ENOCRINENERVT
-
chemical
>
Organic chemical messenger message electrochemical
message
>
proteins or steroids slower response Fast response
>
secreted small ↳ doesn't last
quantities Response long lasting
:
long
>
Target organs have receptors for specific hormone Bloodstream Nerves
>
Regulatory function -
>
Regulated by negative or positive feedback mechanisms
Negative feedback mechanism :
Any deviation from normal levels elicits a response that restores normal levels .
ENDOCRINE GLANDS & their HORMONES
Hypophysis Pituitary gland
' '
Master gland
location : Base of brain attached to hypothalamus in
cavity
'
,
=
cranium
>
2 lobes →
Anterior adenohypophysis
Posterior neuro
hypothesis)
Relationship between hypothalamus & hypo physics
> controls pituitary gland function link between nervous { endocrine system
↳ secretes
releasing factors via neurons / blood Stimulates .
hypophysis to produce/ release hormones
hypophysis
>
Hypothalamus connected to
→
blood vessels →
anterior lobe
→
neurons →
posterior lobe
Hypothalamus produces hormones posterior lobe storage
> →
neurons → =
sapper
Kappa
, ANTERIOR LOBE HORMONES
TSH (Thyroid hormone)
stimulating
>
Target organ Thyroid gland :
Thyroid secretes thyroxine
→
5TH (so Matotropic hormone / growth hormone)
>
Target organ :
muscles i. skeleton ( stimulates synthesis of proteins)
Promotes growth
→
0
Disorders :
>
under secretion
-
:
hyposecretion
children pituitary dwarfism
• =
>
over -
secretion :
hypersecretion
•
children =
gigantism
•
Adults =
Acromegaly
FSH (
Follicle-stimulating hormone)
Target organ ovaries
>
±
:
testes
→
development of primary follicle into mature G-raafian follicles
→
activates germinal epithelium that produces sperm cells
LH ( lutein ising hormone)
Target organ ovaries
>
±
:
testes
stimulates ovulation (release secondary oocyte) + development of Corpus luteum
→
→
stimulates cells of Leydig to produce testosterone
Prolactin
>
Target organ mammary glands :
stimulates to produce milk
mammary glands
→
.
