Solids, Liquids and Solutions Summary

SOLEDS LIQUIDS SOLUTIO
Intermolecular forces
and atoms of NG
Weak forces of attraction between molecules, ions
Van dey haal forces
covalent compounds calld
responsible for PHYSICAL properties.


Chemical band:
Strong bonds betueen atoms nithin maecules.
when loroken = chenical change occurs (chemical reaction)
Substance converted into NEW compound


Hon IMF diffey from chemical loonds:
2 weaker forces between molecules

Phiken broken = molecules separate > PHASE CHANGE


H-CI - - - - - - - - H-CI - -
intermolecular Forces of attraction
attraction
forces of attraction between separate molecules to
join atoms to form

a compound
Weakest INF Stronger IMF

london dispersion •Dipole-dipole
Non-polay molecules Polar molecules
Polar molecules H and E,O,N
* It involved in
bonding must be covalently
London dispersion forces bonded to 01N IF
No-polar atoms e spread evenly
spread unevenly tempory dipole s weakest forces


Halogens [f2/12)
Noble gases [.Ne JAv
C02 or CHy

, Shenith of London force_depnds
L # of
her
=mare èblgaer dipale „shonger atbaction.
intevochng Suface(side dnains)

Dipole-dipde forces s
Have peL manent dipoles shanger tban Landlan forces
pemanu/ Ottvaction.

budiomR bonding
Rtalar molecules hidh Ihave Hatem covaleatky l onded to
Sinall atonwith high EN value_and a leost Lpoir of lous é
Londo dipersion fo e
—> Noble Goses
—D(iatomicmoleCules CHz J( |Br2/F2J
hydocarbons (CHy
fully Subshbuted hnaicoltanesCcGu |

Dple: dipoe force
res

HC/HBHI
» CO
»HzS
_ SmallHoloalkonesCC30), ChHzCi.
- Este (corbonyl group)

hyd gen konding
—> HF
–ÞH20
—> N3
AlcoholsCCł3 0
Coroxylic acids_CC C00
Þ (