AGNP BOARD EXAM – EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT ASSESSMENT

AGNP BOARD EXAM – EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT ASSESSMENT Question: Ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus reveals small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots embedded in the retina. These findings are consistent with: superficial retinal hemorrhages. preretinal hemorrhages. microaneurysms. deep retinal hemorrhages. Correct Explanation: Deep retinal hemorrhages appear as small, rounded, slightly irregular red spots and are sometimes called dot or blot hemorrhages. They occur in a deeper layer of the retina than flame-shaped hemorrhages. Diabetes is a common cause. Superficial retinal hemorrhages appear as small, linear, flame-shaped, red streaks in the fundi and are seen in hypertension, papilledema, and occlusion of the retinal vein. Preretinal hemorrhages lie anteriorly between the retina and the vitreous and are typically larger than retinal hemorrhages. These hemorrhages obscure any underlying retinal vessel. Microaneurysms present as tiny, round, red spots commonly seen in and around the macular area. These are classic in diabetic retinopathy. Question: The whispered voice test allows the examiner to screen for: low frequency hearing loss. high frequency hearing loss. general hearing loss. Correct