Summary NSG3023 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE/ Winter2019 (Graded A+) LATEST UPDATE

NSG3023 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE/ Winter2019 CHAPTER 18 1) Know the difference between, diffusion, osmosis, filtration and active transport (TB Q#1) • Osmosis: movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a compartment of lower particle concentration to one that has a higher particle concentration. • Diffusion: a passive movement of electrolytes or other particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. • Filtration: The net effect of several forces that tend to move fluid across a membrane. • Active Transport: The energy-requiring movement of electrolytes or other substances across cell membranes against a concentration gradient (from an area of low concentration to one of higher concentration). A nurse is caring for a patient who is suffering from kidney failure and is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse explains that peritoneal dialysis works by instilling a solution into the abdomen that contains dextrose that will pull extra fluid into the abdominal cavity. What is the name of this process? a. Diffusion b. Osmosis c. Filtration d. Active transport 2) Be able to describe and give rationale with examples of isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic fluids (TB Q#2, #3) a. Isotonic: Fluids that have the same osmolality as normal blood. 0.9% sodium chloride is an example of an isotonic solution. It expands the body’s extracellular fluid volume without causing water to shift in or out of cells. b. Hypertonic: more concentrated than normal blood, pulls fluid by osmosis causing them to shrink. 3% sodium chloride is an example.