BIOL 235 MIDTERM 1 , Version 2-questions and answers Biology (Athabasca University)

Anatomy= is the science of body structures and the relationships among them - First studied by dissection (careful cutting of body parts to study their relationships. Physiology= is the science of body functions or how the body works Anatomy and physiology are interrelated through form and function Branches of Anatomy and Physiology Branch of anatomy Study of Embryology First 8 weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg Developmental biology The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death Cell biology Cellular structure and functions Histology Microscopic structure of tissues Gross anatomy Structures that can be examined without a microscope Systemic anatomy Structure of specific regions of the body such as the nervous or respiratory system Regional anatomy Specific markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch) Imaging anatomy Body structures that an be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI and CT scans Pathological anatomy Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease Neurophysiology Functional properties of nerve cells Endocrinology Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how thy control body functions Cardiovascular physiology Functions of the heart and blood vessels. Immunology The body’s defenses against disease-causing agents Respiratory physiology Functions of the air passageways and lungs Renal physiology Functions of the kidneys Exercise physiology Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity Pathophysiology Functional changes associated with disease and aging