Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK MODULAR SYSTEM CYTOLOGY Musa ÖZET Tan ERDOÐAN

Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK MODULAR SYSTEM CYTOLOGY Musa ÖZET Tan ERDOÐAN M O D U L A R S Y S T E M CYTOLOGY Musa ÖZET Tan ERDOÐAN b o o k . z a m b a k . c o m Copyright © Sürat Basým Reklamcýlýk ve Eðitim Araçlarý San. Tic. A.Þ. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of recording without the prior written permission of the publisher. Digital Assembly Zambak Typesetting & Design Page Design Memduh SEYMAN Editor Jeff WEARDEN Publisher Sürat Basým Reklamcýlýk ve Eðitim Araçlarý San. Tic. A.Þ. Printed by Çaðlayan A.Þ. Sarnýç Yolu Üzeri No:7 Gaziemir / Izmir, June 2008 Tel: 85 -96-97 ISBN: 978-975-266-827-0 Printed in Turkey DISTRIBUTION Sürat Basým Reklamcýlýk ve Eðitim Araçlarý San. Tic. A.Þ. Bulgurlu Mah. Haminne Çeþmesi Sok. No. 20 ___3_46_9_6_ _ _Ü_sk_ü_da_r_ /_ ÝS_T_A_N_BU_L___ Tel : (pbx) Fax : Dear students Biology is rapidly developing, and seems to be the determining science of the 21st. century. 17th. century was age of math, 18th. century age of chemistry, 19th. Century age of physics, and 20th. Century was the age of technology and health. And now genetic engineering techniques, improvements in molecular biology, biological application in health care (such as cloning), increase in ecological problems and their solution methods and finally, use of biology as a cold war agent have increased the importance of biology and brought it to its deserved place at the beginning of this century. Besides these global phenomena, human biology is another important branch of biology, that provides practical and important information for everybody. An effective and adequate biology education helps you understand your body and your surrounding and provides you correct understanding, controlling, getting benefit and avoiding from the dangers of this surrounding and the organisms in it. Furthermore in order to leave a clean, peaceful and more natural world to our children, we have to have basic biology knowledge. Actually we have to have a biology based culture since, humanistic-social values and being aware of how to live with all other organisms friendly, can be provided by biology supported education. In addition, like all other sciences too, biology also aims to make you gain a reliable point of view. It does not only provide you some simple use of practical hints in life, but it also help you in having a multi-dimensional approach which makes you a different and distinct member of the same society. But unfortunately like other sciences, this side of biology is unconscious too, until you become an adult you will hardly ever realize how it has fulfilled its aim and has provided you that much. Finally biology not only provides you a meaningful life but it also makes you understand others and helps you make mutual relationships with others, and hopefully, the result will be happier and healthier society and world which can only be formed by happier and healthier individuals. This Test-bank is, specially prepared and designed to support the related course books of the modular system and help you understand it easier. The importance of repetition and use of the knowledge to provide long-term memory is a scientific fact. These tests include some questions that are designed to check your basic comprehension and practise your gained knowledge, where as some selected questions require more detailed information and comment. By this way these tests make your biology knowledge more durable. The image-supported questions make you, use several different phenomena and imagine the process in your mind. So you will be able to criticize some different factors and make predictions about the future results when you change some variable factors. At the end of chapters you will see general review tests of miscellaneous questions from different parts. Such tests aims to make repetition of whole subject and help you remember previous parts. Dear students, we wish you enjoyment in your lessons and success in examinations. AUTHORS CHAPTER 01 : CHEMISTRY OF LIFE Checkpoint Test 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Checkpoint Test 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Checkpoint Test 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Checkpoint Test 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Checkpoint Test 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Checkpoint Test 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Checkpoint Test 07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 CHAPTER 02 : MICROUNIVERSE Checkpoint Test 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Checkpoint Test 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Checkpoint Test 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Checkpoint Test 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Checkpoint Test 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Checkpoint Test 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Checkpoint Test 07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 CHAPTER 03 : METABOLISM Checkpoint Test 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Checkpoint Test 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Checkpoint Test 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 CHAPTER 04 : PHOTOSYNTHESIS Checkpoint Test 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Checkpoint Test 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Checkpoint Test 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Checkpoint Test 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 CHAPTER 05 : CELLULAR RESPIRATION Checkpoint Test 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Checkpoint Test 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Checkpoint Test 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Checkpoint Test 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 CHAPTER 06 : MASTER MOLECULES Checkpoint Test 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Checkpoint Test 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Checkpoint Test 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Checkpoint Test 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Checkpoint Test 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Checkpoint Test 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 CHAPTER 07 : GENERAL REVIEW Checkpoint Test 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Checkpoint Test 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Checkpoint Test 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Checkpoint Test 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Checkpoint Test 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Checkpoint Test 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Checkpoint Test 07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Checkpoint Test 08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Checkpoint Test 09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Checkpoint Test 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 6 IInorrganiic Compounds 2. Which of the following abnormalities is not caused by a deficiency of any mineral? BBB A) Poor healing of wounds B) Increasing hardness of bones C) Failure of impulse transmission D) Lack of hemoglobin E) Inability to synthesize chlorophyll 1. Which of the following foods supplies important minerals for humans? AAA A) Milk and milk products B) Legumes C) Vegetables D) Seafood(products) E) Vitamins 6. Minerals are regulatory molecules in the body of living organisms. Some minerals and their functions are: I. Ca: plays a role in blood coagulation and contraction of muscles in many different parts of the body II. Na and Cl ions are necessary for the nervous system III. Fe is the element which is essential in hemoglobin structure Which statements above are correct? EEE A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and III E) I, II and III 5. Some properties of a mineral are given below. - It is found in the structure of hemoglobin - It gives hardness to bones - It aids in the transmission of impulses in neurons - It is found in the structure of master molecules Which of the following minerals does not match any of the above functions? BBB A) Calcium B) Chlorine C) Potassium D) Phosphorus E) Iron 4. The following events take place in the human body: I. skeletal deformation II. bleeding of the gums III. night blindness Which of the situations listed above are caused by a deficiency of minerals as well as vitamins? AAA A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) II and III 3. Which of the following does not produce an acidic environment when added to a test tube filled with water? DDD A) Sea water B) Vinegar C) Lemon juice D) HCl E) Tomato juice 7. Some molecules which are found in the structure of living things are as follows: I. Acids II. Bases III. Vitamins IV. Water V. Minerals Which of the molecules above are inorganic? DDD A) III only B) I andII C)I, II and III D) I, II, IV and V E) I, II, III, IV and V 7 CHECKPOINT TEST 1 10. A kind of mineral in the human body has the following functions: - Transmission of impulses in nerve cells - Holds interstitial fluid in tissues Which mineral below matches the above statements? EEE A) Calcium B) Iodine C) Phosphorus D) Iron E) Sodium 9. Inorganic molecules are essential structural elements in living organisms. Some properties of inorganic molecules are: I. All of them include carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in their structure. II. They can be produced by photosynthesis in plants III. Generally, they are taken into the body in food. Which of the statements given above are true for inorganic molecules? BBB A) II only B) III only C) I and II D) I and III E) I, II and III 12. Minerals are an indispensable requirement for human health. Therefore they must be consumed in sufficient amounts. Deficiency of minerals cause some illnesses. - Anemia - Goiter - Failure of impulse transmission in neurons - Failure of muscle contraction A deficiency of which of the following minerals is not related to any of the above illnesses? DDD A) Iron B) Sodium C) Calcium D) Manganese E) Iodine 13. Water is an indispensable requirement for living organisms. Some properties of water are: I. The lowest concentration of water in the human body is found in the enamel of the teeth II. Below +4oC water freezes and the distance between water molecules increases. III. The human cell is composed of 3/4 water. Which of the statements above are correct? EEE A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and III E) I,II and III 11. Water is an inorganic substance, used as a I. structural essential. II. source of energy. III. regulatory substance. Which of the properties given above are true for water? DDD A) I only B) III only C) I and II D) I and III E) I, II and III 8. Some functions of minerals in the human body are given below. - Muscular contraction - Production of red blood cells - Formation of bones and teeth - Impulse transmission through neurons Which of the following does not match with these functions? EEE A) Calcium B) Iron C) Potassium D) Sodium E) Iodine 8 Carrbohydrrattes,, Liipiids and Prrotteiins 1 4. Which of the following molecules are synthesized according to the DNA code? BBB A) Proteins and ATP B) Proteins and enzymes C) Cellulose and RNA D) ATP and glycogen E) Neutral lipids and RNA 3. Some properties of an organic molecule are given below: - It is used as an energy source - It is synthesized by DNA according to the DNA code. - It is used as a regulator. Some organic molecules: I. Protein II. Lipid III. Carbohydrate Choose the organic molecules that have all the properties above? AAA A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and III E) I, II and III 1. Some facts about monosaccharides (monomers of carbohydrates) are as follows: I. Glucose is synthesized by plants. II. They are used as energy producers in cellular respiration. III. When they are hydrolyzed they form ribose and deoxyribose molecules. IV. They can pass through the cell membrane via diffusion. Which of the facts above are true for monosaccharides? EEE A) I only B) I andII C)II and III D) III and IV E) I, II and IV 5. Which of the following events can take place inside AND also outside the body in living things? DDD A) Starch synthesis from glucose molecules B) Glucose synthesis from inorganic substances C) Conversion of monomers one to another D) Hydrolysis of starch E) Reaction of glucose with oxygen 6. An amino acid structure is given below. Which of the groups above are the same or different in all amino acids? DDD D__if_fe_r_e_n_t_ g_r_o_u_p_s_ _ _S_a_m__e_ g_r_o_u_p_s__ A) I only II and III B) I and II III only C) I and III II only D) II only II and III E) III only I and II                   2. Which of the following is not a product of catabolic reactions? AAA A) Glucose B) Pentose sugar C) Phosphate D) Energy E) Nitrogenous organic base 9 CHECKPOINT TEST 2 11. The carbon in a protein molecule is marked (by isotopes) and this protein molecule is put into a person. The carbon can not be found in which of the following molecules formed in the person? DDD A) Amino acid B) Fatty acid C) Glucose D) Vitamin E) Enzyme 8. Which of the following is not an abnormality caused by lack of protein in humans? EEE A) Poor healing of wounds B) Inability to synthesize enzymes C) Decrease of resistance to infections D) Decrease of resistance to toxic materials E) Increase in the amount of glucose in the blood 10. Lipids release twice the energy of proteins or carbohydrates when they are completely oxidized or catabolized into their constituent units. Lipids release more energy because I. after digestion, they can pass directly into the blood. II. they have more H atoms in their structure than the others. III. they have unsaturated fatty acids in their structure. Which of the statements given above is the true reason why lipids release more energy? BBB A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and III E) I, II and III 9. Food provides more energy when it contains more lipid molecules. It provides less energy when it contains much water. According to the graph, which nutrients contain the most lipids and the most water molecules, respectively? DDD A) X andY B)X andL C)Z and P D) Z and L E) T and L    ! " # $  %  12. In living organisms’ bodies there are some molecules, as follows: - Sucrose - Starch - Maltose Which of the following properties is not common of all the molecules above? CCC A) There are glucose molecules in their structures. B) There are glycosidic bonds between molecules. C) They can be synthesized in bacteria. D) They can be broken down into monomers by digestive enzymes. E) They are found in plant cells. 7. Some types of carbohydrates are given below. I. Starch II. Cellulose III. Galactose IV. Glycogen Which are produced in plant cells? AAA A) I andIl B)II and III C) II and IV D) I, II and III E) I, III and IV 10 Carrbohydrrattes,, Liipiid and Prrotteiins 2 1. The following events occur in a cell: I. consumption of monomers II. enzymes play a role in reactions III. formation of water by dehydration reaction Which of the above events are common, when there is polysaccharide, protein and lipid synthesis in the cell? CCC A) I only B) II only C) I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III 2. Some of the organic molecules that are used in the metabolism of living things are as follows: - Proteins - Lipids - Carbohydrates - Amino acids Which of the following molecules does not form when these organic molecules are used in animal cells? EEE A) Ammonia B) Energy C) Carbon dioxide D) Water E) Vitamin 3. Big molecules are formed by bonding of small molecules (monomers). Some types of bonds in molecules are as follows: I. Phosphodiester II. Peptide III. Glycosidic IV. Ester Which of the above do not bind two monomers together? AAA A) I only B) III only C) I and III D) II and IV E) I, II and IV 4. Carbohydrates are organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They can be found in different forms in different living things. Some types of carbohydrates are given below: I. Starch II. Maltose III. Glycogen IV. Lactose V. Saccharose VI. Cellulose Which of the following match the types of molecules in plants and animals? EEE ____P_la_n_t_s___ ___A_n_i_m_a_l_s__ A) I, III and IV II, V and VI B) I, II, IV and VI III and V C) I, II and VI III, IV and V D) I, IV and V II, III and VI E) I, II, V and VI III and IV 6. Which of the following is not a result of lack of protein? EEE A) Slow down of growth B) Weakness in the immune system C) Insufficient number of metabolic reactions D) Structural defects E) Increase of lipid synthesis in the cells 5. Which of the following is the most appropriate explanation for the importance of protein in living things? EEE A) It is a source of energy. B) It is stored in the body. C) It causes formation of urea and uric acid. D) Nitrogen is found in its structure. E) It is effective in growth and development. 11 CHECKPOINT TEST 3 7. In an experiment, starch enzymes and starch indicator (iodine) are placed into a test tube in a hot water bath. Which of the following results can not be observed at the end of the experiment? CCC A) Decrease in the amount of starch. B) No change in the amount of enzyme. C) Color of the mixture turns blue. D) No change in the amount of iodine. E) Increase in the amount of glucose. 8. Which of the following is not true for amino acids? AAA A) Combination of two amino acids forms ammonia B) There are 20 types of amino acids in nature C) They cause variation in protein types D) Acid and alkane groups are found in their structure E) They are so small that they can pass through the cell membrane 9. The structure of some fatty acids are shown in the figure below: Some sentences related to fatty acids X and Y are given below: I. X is saturated but Y is an unsaturated fatty acid II. With the addition of H to fatty acid Y, margarine is formed III. Respiration of X yields less energy than Y Which of the definitions above are true for the fatty acids? BBB A) I only B) I andII C)I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III               &           &! 10. Lipids are classified as neutral lipids, steroids and phospholipids. Some properties of lipids are given, as follows: I. Steroids form the structure of some hormones. II. Phospholipids are found in the structure of the cell membrane. III. Neutral lipids are used as an energy source. Which of the above properties are true for lipids? EEE A) I only B) III only C) I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III 11. Excess nutrients are stored and converted into lipid molecules in animals. Which of the following is not an advantage of storing nutrients in living things? DDD A) It prevents loss of body heat. B) It is used for reserve nutrients. C) It is used as an energy source. D) It is used as a catalyst in biological reactions. E) It provides metabolic water to the body. 12. Some general information about carbohydrates is as follows: - They are used first in cellular respiration. - They combine with the structure of the cell membrane - They can be converted into proteins and lipids. Below are some results from using the information about carbohydrates above. I. They are structural essentials. II. They are energy producers. III. They are synthesized in photosynthesis. Which of the above results can be obtained? DDD A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) I, II and III 12 Viittamiins 1. When there is a deficiency of a vitamin, the related enzymes can not carry out their functions properly. Thus, some illnesses come about. Which of the following illnesses is not caused by a deficiency of a vitamin? AAA A) Color-blindness B) Failure of blood clotting C) Rickets D) Infertility E) Night blindness 5. Vitamin K can dissolve in lipid. It is used with antibiotics to treat different infections. Which of the following properties of vitamin K may be the reason why we use it in antibiotics? CCC A) After a period of time, it loses its properties. B) When there is a deficiency of it, blood clotting reactions can not take place. C) It is produced by some beneficial bacteria in the intestine. D) It can not be stored in all living things. E) It is part of the structure of some enzymes that have responsibility in the cell. 2. Vitamins are organic molecules. Some properties of vitamins are given below. I. They are taken in from outside the body in food. II. They are not used as an energy source in the cell. III. They combine with the structure of enzymes. IV. They can pass directly through the cell membrane without digestion. Which of the above properties are common to the same types of vitamins that are found in both plant and animal cells? EEE A) I only B) I and III C) II and IV D) I, II and III E) II, III and IV 4. Some properties of vitamins are given as follows: I. They are part of the structure of enzymes as coenzymes. II. They promote development of bones and teeth. III. They increase body resistance to disease. Which of the above properties prove that vitamins have a role as regulators? AAA A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) II and III 3. Some properties organic molecules are given below. I. They can pass directly into the blood without digestion. II. They can dissolve in water and lipids. III. They have a role as regulators. Which of the following organic molecules has the above properties? BBB A) Lipid B) Vitamin C) Protein D) Amino acid E) Mineral 6. Some definitions about vitamins are as follows: I. Vitamin B and C are soluble in water; vitamin A, D, E and K are soluble in lipid. II. The molecular size of all types of vitamins is so small that they can pass through the cell membrane. III. They are energy producers. IV. All of them can be produced in animal cells. Which of the above definitions are not true about vitamins? CCC A) III only B) II and lII C) III and lV D) I, II and IV E) II, III and IV 13 CHECKPOINT TEST 4 10. Some disorders which result from vitamin deficiencies are given below. - Skin wounds - Nerve disorders - Anemia - Fatigue and headache A deficiency of which of the following can cause all of these disorders? DDD A) Vitamin K and C B) Vitamin A and K C) Vitamin A and D D) Vitamin B E) Vitamin K and E 11. Which of the following vitamin pairs can be produced in human cells? CCC A) Vitamin K and B B) Vitamin A and K C) Vitamin A and D D) Vitamin B and C E) Vitamin K and E 8. Vitamins are regulatory substances in living things, but there are different types of them. Which of the following may be the reason for the different types of vitamins? AAA A) They have their own unique reactions B) They are in the form of monomers C) They are inorganic structures D) They pass directly through the cell membrane E) They have different molecular sizes 12. Vitamins are organic molecules and they must be ingested by living things. Some definitions related with vitamins are as follows: I. Vitamins combine with the structure of enzymes as coenzymes II. They can pass through the cell membrane without digestion III. They are effective in growth and development Which of the definitions given above are true for vitamins? EEE A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) II and III 7. Some statements are given below. I. No effective absorption in digestive tract II. No adequate lipid molecule in the nutrients III. Using antibiotics for a long time kills beneficial microorganisms in the intestine Which of the above statements can cause a deficiency of vitamin K in the body? EEE A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I, and III E) I, II and III 9. Some properties of vitamins are given below. I. Some of them dissolve in water and some dissolve in lipid II. Some of them can not be stored in the bodies of heterotrophs III. Each vitamin plays a role in a reaction peculiar to itself IV. They can not be synthesized directly by heterotrophic living things Which of the above properties may be the reason for a disorder in heterotrophic living things that is caused by a deficiency of one type of vitamin and can not be relieved with other types of vitamins? BBB A) II only B) III only C) I and II D) II, and IV E) III and IV 14 Chaptterr Reviiew 1 1. Some functions of minerals in the human body are given below. - Muscle contraction - Production of red blood cells - Formation of bone and tooth - Impulse transmission through neurons Which of the following does not match with these functions? EEE A) Calcium B) Iron C) Potassium D) Sodium E) Iodine 2. Basic food sources in living organisms are carbohydrate, lipid and protein. The stored and consumed amounts of carbohydrate, lipid and protein in the human body are shown in the graph below. According to the graph, some observations are as follows: I. Carbohydrate is the least stored basic food source. II. Lipid and protein give the same amount of energy when they are used in respiration. III. Stored protein molecules can never be used as a source of energy in the body. Which of the above observations are true, according to the graph? AAA A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) I, II and III '  $  ( %  #  4. Some properties of lipid-soluble vitamins are as follows: I. They are stored in the liver. II. They can transform from one to another. III. They are necessary for sight. Which properties do all lipid-soluble vitamins have in common? AAA A) I only B) III only C) I and Il D) I and III E) I, II and III 3. Human beings obtain some molecules when they eat. I. Vitamins II. Glucose III. Protein IV. Minerals An excess of which of the molecules above can be converted and stored as fat in the body? BBB A) I andIl B)II and III C) I and IV D) II and IV E) I, III and IV 5. Some molecules found in plants are given below: I. Starch II. Glucose III. Saccharose Which of the following is the correct ascending order of the molecules, according to their potential energy? EEE A) I - III -II B)III - II - I C)I - II - III D) III - I - II E) II - III - I 15 CHECKPOINT TEST 5 10. Some organic molecules: I. Sucrose II. Starch III. Protein Which of the above molecules has the most different monomer type from the others? CCC A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) I, II and III 7. Which of the following is not a property common to both starch and lactose? BBB A) Types of bonds in their structure B) Types of living things in which they are produced C) Number of C atoms in each sugar molecule in their structure D) Broken down by hydrolysis E) Have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in their structure 6. In digestion of which of the following molecules do enzymes break down peptide bonds? BBB A) Maltose B) Protein C) Cellulose D) Glycogen E) Lactose 9. Some structural parts of an amino acid are given below: I. NH2 (Amino) II. COOH (Carboxyl) III. R (Radical group) IV. CH3 (Methyl) Which of the above are not common to all types of amino acids? EEE A) I only B) IV only C) I and II D) II and III E) III and IV 8. In an experiment, lipid particles are placed into a test tube and a few drops of ether are added. After stirring, the mixture is poured onto white paper. Some definitions related to the mixture are as follows: I. Amounts of glycerol and fatty acid increase in the mixture II. It is a hydrolysis reaction III. After dropping the mixture onto the white paper, a translucent spot develops on the paper Which of the above definitions are true about the mixture? BBB A) I only B) III only C) I and II D) I and III E) II and III $ %   ( )(   11. Some vitamins are stored in the liver. A deficiency of them can cause illnesses. Some types of illnesses are given below: I. Scurvy II. Failure of blood clotting III. Rickets Which of the illnesses given above are caused by deficiency of a vitamin that is stored in the liver? EEE A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) II and III 16 Chaptterr Reviiew 2 3. An enzymatic reaction takes place in plant cells, as shown below. Which of the following does not match with the reaction that is given above? CCC _____K__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _M______ A) Amino acid Amino acid Dipeptide B) Glucose Galactose Lactose C) Glucose Amino acid Glycolipid D) Glucose Glucose Maltose E) Glucose Fructose Saccharose *+% , -+ 4. Small molecules combine and form big molecules. During the reaction, water molecules are released. This kind of reaction is called a dehydration reaction. Which of the following is not formed by dehydration reaction? DDD A) Glycogen B)DNA C)Enzyme D) Vitamin E) Lactose 5. Some properties of organic molecules are as follows: I. They are joined to the structure of living things II. In their structure there is nitrogen III. They are used as energy producers IV. They are synthesized in the cell Which of the above properties are common to protein, carbohydrate and lipid? DDD A) I only B) I andII C)I and III D) I, III and IV E) II, III and IV 1. In the formation of neutral lipid, water molecules are released as in the formation of other polymer types. Some definitions are given below for the formation of three molecules of neutral lipid. I. 9 ester bonds are formed II. 3 molecules of water are released III. 9 fatty acids are used Which of the above definitions is true? DDD A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and III E) I, II and III 6. The effects of deficiency and sources of some vitamins are shown in the table below. Some properties of these five vitamins are as follows: I. They are water soluble. II. Deficiency of them causes anemia. III. They are found in the liver. Which of the properties above are common to all of these vitamins? CCC A) I only B) I andII C)I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III Vitamin Types Effects of Deficiency Sources Thiamine (B1) Beri beri Legumens, liver, peanuts Riboflavin (B2) Pause in growth Liver, meat, milk, cereals, egg Pyridoxine (B6) Central nervous system disorders Cereals, meat, legumes, liver Folacin (B9) Anemia, birth defects Liver, legumens, orange Cyanocobalamin (B12) Anemia Milk, liver, meat, kidney, egg 2. Starch and cellulose are formed by many glucose molecules. Starch can be digested, but cellulose can not be digested by the human digestive system. Which of the following may be an explanation for indigestion of cellulose molecule by the human digestive system? CCC A) For the hydrolysis of cellulose, high temperature is required B) Digestion of cellulose takes place at high pH C) There are different types of glucose linkages in cellulose than in starch D) There are more glucose molecules in cellulose E) There are no glycosidic linkages in cellulose 17 CHECKPOINT TEST 6 7. Water is essential to life. All organisms need water, but the amount of water present in a structure varies according to its function. Which of the following statements is not true about water? EEE A) It protects the body. B) It regulates body temperature. C) It helps maintain a stable ionic and pH balance. D) Metabolic reactions need sufficient water concentration. E) It plays a very important role in excretion of metabolic wastes. 9. Carbohydrates are nutrients and are widely used for production of energy. Some properties of carbohydrates are given below. I. Catabolism is easier than for the other energy producers II. They are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms III. They are found in different forms in plants, animals, fungi and people Which of the above properties may be the reason for carbohydrates being the primary energy source for all organisms? AAA A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) II and III 12. Proteins are vital for body growth and repair of damaged tissue. Some definitions related to proteins are as follows: I. They are found in the structure of enzymes. II. They are found in the structure of some hormones. III. They are found in the structure of muscle cells. IV. They are formed by nucleotides. Which of the above definitions is true for proteins? DDD A) I only B) III andIV C)II and IV D) I, II and III E) II, III and IV 8. Synthesis of saccharose is given below; Glucose + Fructose ⎯⎯→ Saccharose + H2O I. It takes place in plant cells. II. Two monomers bind with each other in a glycosidic bond. III. It is a dehydration reaction. Which of the above definitions are true for synthesis of saccharose? EEE A) Ionly B)IIonly C)I and II D) II and III E) I, II and III 11. Fatty acid is one of the monomers in a lipid molecule. It is formed by a long carbon chain. Some definitions related to fatty acids are given below. I. Unsaturated fatty acids are found in liquid state at room temperature. II. All lipid types originate from saturated lipid in nature. III. Unsaturated lipids are separate from saturated ones, containing double bonds between carbon atoms in their structure IV. Margarine is produced by the saturation of unsaturated fatty acids with hydrogen Which of the above definitions are true? EEE A) I and III B) II andIV C)II and III D) I, II and IV E) I, III and IV 10. Which of the following organic molecule pairs are not found together in the same cell? EEE A) Starch-Cellulose B) Glycogen-Lactose C) Protein-Cellulose D) Lipid-Vitamin E) Maltose-Lactose 18 Chaptterr Reviiew 3 2. During anabolism and catabolism of a dipeptide molecule, some reactions take place, as shown in the figure below. Which of the following is not true of the reactions shown above? BBB A) X reaction takes place in the ribosome, but Y reaction can take place in different parts of the cell. B) The enzyme used in catabolism of dipeptides also can be used in synthesizing dipeptides. C) B is water, which is used in Y reaction, but A is ATP, which is used in X reaction. D) Enzymes, which enable dipeptide synthesis, are used to add the same amino acids to the dipeptide again and again. E) While Y reaction takes place inside or outside the cell, ATP is not needed.   . +  /      , 0 + , !  3. A polymer is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass and repetition of monomer structural units. Which of the following has a polymer structure? BBB A) Glucose B) Glycogen C) Galactose D) Fatty acid E) Ribose 6. In the synthesis of a protein molecule, 89 water molecule are released. What is the number of amino acids in the structure of the protein synthesized? CCC A) 300 B) 88 C) 90 D) 75 E) 178 4. A reversible reaction in an animal cell is given below. Which of the following is not true for the reaction above? EEE A) It is a hydrolysis reaction. B) It is an anabolic reaction. C) It is a dehydration reaction. D) The same enzyme is used in both reactions I and II. E) Water is formed in both reactions I and II. %    .+1& 1. Carbohydrates are organic molecules. They are part of the structure of living things and they are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Some definitions related to carbohydrates are given below. I. They are found in all living things. II. They are synthesized by DNA according to the DNA codes. III. They are found in the structure of the cell membrane. IV. They have a regulatory role in the body Which of the above definitions are true for carbohydrates? CCC A) IV only B) I andII C)I, II and III D) I, III and IV E) II, III and IV 5. Small molecules (monomers) combine with each other to form large molecules (polymers). Which of the following polymers is larger than the others? AAA A) Starch B) Sucrose C) Peptide D) Maltose E) Lactose 19 CHECKPOINT TEST 7 7. Water is essential to life. Most of the body of a living thing is water. The amount of water varies in different living things. The amount of water present in a structure also varies according to its function in a living thing. Some definitions about water are given below. I. It is a principle solvent. II. It helps maintain a stable ionic balance. III. It regulates body temperature. Which of the above definitions are true for water? EEE A) I only B) I andII C)I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III 8. Some metabolic reactions are as follows: I. Protein synthesis II. ATP synthesis III. Catabolism of glucose Which of above reactions are common to nerve and liver cells of an adult human? EEE A) Ionly B)IIonly C)III only D) I and II E) I, II and III 11. Stored nutrients are broken down to their monomers by respiration to supply the energy necessary to a germinating seed. Which the following is not used in a germinating seed? CCC A) Glucose B) Starch C) Cellulose D) Stored lipid E) Stored protein 9. During carbohydrate metabolism, some reactions occur. They are given below. Which of the following is not true for the reactions above? EEE A) I takes place in plant and animals. B) II takes place only in plants. C) III takes place in animals . D) IV takes place in plants. E) V is respiration reaction. '(   .    .  2 3 10. Which of the following is not related to lipids? EEE A) They are found in the structure of the cell membrane. B) They can form a new molecule with other organic molecules. C) Excess amounts of them are stored in the body. D) Some of them play a role in hormones. E) They are used as a primary energy source in cells. 12. Illnesses which result from a deficiency of some vitamins, and some food sources which are used to treat the illnesses are shown in the table below. Which of the following is true for vitamins X, Y, and Z? AAA ___X_ _ _ _ __Y_ _ _ _ _ _Z___ A) A C B B) K C E C) B C K D) A B K E) A C K Vitamin types Effects of deficiency Sources X Night blindness Liver Y Scurvy Lemon Z Beri beri Rice 22 Cellll and Orrganelllles 1 1. Which of the following properties of the mitochondrion can not be seen in the chloroplast? CCC A) It is composed of a double membrane. B) It synthesizes organic molecules. C) It has respiratory enzymes. D) It has the ability to divide to increase its number. E) It synthesizes protein. 6. Some properties of eukaryotic cells: I. They have DNA and RNA. II. They synthesize ATP. III. They synthesize RNA. Which of the above properties are true of BOTH mitochondria and chloroplasts? EEE A) I only B) II only C) I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III 2. Which of the following is not true about the functions of the plasma membrane? EEE A) It maintains the integrity of the cell. B) It gives protection against environmental hazards. C) It provides the cell with shape. D) It forms a barrier between the cell and its environment. E) It provides enzymes for the production of ATP in active transport. 4. Which of the following is true for BOTH mitochondria and lysosomes? DDD A) They break down monomers. B) They increase the concentration of the cytoplasm. C) They include master molecules. D) Enzymatic reactions take place in them. E) They synthesize ATP with ETS. 7. Which of the following organelles does not have any enzyme related to its function? AAA A) Food vacuole B) Leucoplast C) Lysosome D) Ribosome E) Golgi 3. Which of the following is a correct match between anabolic and catabolic reactions and organelles in eukaryotic cells? BBB _____A_n_a_b_o_l_is_m_______ ______C_a_ta_b__o_li_sm_______ A) Ribosome-Golgi Chloroplast-Leucoplast B) Chloroplast-Ribosome Mitochondria-Lysosome C) Centrosome-Lysosome Lysosome-Chloroplast D) Mitochondria-Ribosome Centrosome-Golgi E) Chloroplast-Golgi Golgi-Lysosome 5. Change in the amount of amino acid in the cell cytoplasm over a period of time is shown in the graph below: According to the graph, if X and Y are the organelles: _____X_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Y_ _ _ _ __ I. Chloroplast Ribosome II. Lysosome Golgi III. Golgi Leucoplast Which of the above organelles provide free amino acids, as in the graph? AAA A) I only B) III only C) I and II D) I and III E) II and III           23 CHECKPOINT TEST 1 8. Some membranous organelles form other membranous organelles, in order. Which of the following is the correct order? AAA A) Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi-lysosome B) Cell membrane-food vacuole-contractile vacuole C) Golgi-secretory vacuole-centrosome D) Nuclear membrane-mitochondria-Golgi E) Cell membrane-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome. 9. Some organelles responsible for enzyme synthesis: I. Golgi II. Ribosome III. Endoplasmic reticulum Which of the following is the correct order of enzyme synthesis? DDD A) I - II -III B) I - III -II C)II - I - III D) II - III - I E) III - I - II 11. Some reactions: I. Glucose synthesis in the chloroplast II. Active transport in the membrane III. Protein synthesis in the ribosome Which of the above reactions are not directly affected if the amount of ATP produced in the mitochondria is not sufficient? AAA A) I only B) I andII C)I and III D) II and III E) I, II and III 10. Which of the following organelles does not form any master molecule when it is broken down? DDD A) Chloroplast B) Ribosome C) Golgi D) Mitochondria E) Leucoplast 12. Some of the organelles in eukaryotic