GRAM (+) COCCI
CLINICAL INFECTION VIRULENCE FACTOR CHARAC MEDIA
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
S. aureus SSS (Ritter’s disease) Enterotoxins B-hemolytic SBA
TSS TSST-1
TEN Cytolytic toxins
Skin infections (folliculitis, Exfoliative toxin
carbuncles, bullous impetigo) Enzymes (CLHP)
Food poisoning Protein A
S. epidermidis Nosocomial infections Biofilm production Slime layer
UTI PGA
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
Usual contaminant of blood culture
S. saprophyticus UTI among young women
S. lugdunensis Both community associated & mecA gene
hospital acquired
STREPTOCOCCUS
S.pyogenes Bacterial pharyngitis M protein B-hemolysis SBA w/ SXT
Scarlet fever Fibronectin-binding protein Group A
Necrotizing fasciitis (protein F)
Strep TSS Streptolysin O
Poststrep Sequelae Streptolysin S
DNAse
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
Erythrogenic toxin
S. agalactiae Invasive disease in newborns Capsule B-hemolysis Todd-Hewitt Broth
(meningitis) #1 cause Sialic acid Group B Strep B carrot broth
Groups C & G URT infections
S. pneumoniae Adult meningitis (major cause) C substance antigen Oval or lancet shape BHI
Pneumococcal/lobar pneumonia Capsular polysaccharide a-hemolysis TSA w/ 5% sheep rbcs
Otitis media (#1 cause) Choc agar
Viridans Strep Subacute bacterial endocarditis Polysaccharide capsule and a-hemolysis
(S. anguis) cytolysin honeysuckle/ butterscotch
Dental plaques, caries (S. mutans) odor
Enterococcus Extracellular surface
E. faecalis Nosocomial adhesion proteins Group D
E. faescium UTI Extracellular serine protease
Bacteremia Gelatinase of E. faecalis
Endocarditis (grow in extreme conditions
& resistant to multiple
antimicrobial agents)
, GRAM (-) COCCI
CLINICAL INFECTION VIRULENCE FACTOR CHARAC MEDIA
NEISSERIACEAE
N. gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea Receptors for human Kidney or coffee-bean Thayer-Martin
PID transferrin shaped Modified Thayer-Martin
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome Capsule Non-encapsulated Martin-Lewis
Opthalmia neonatorum Pili (T1-T5) New York City
CM proteins (Por, Opa, RMP) GC-Lect
LOS
IgA protease
N. meningitidis Fulminant meningococcemia Same w/ N. gonorrhoeae Encapsulated strains have a SBA
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome halo around the organism CHOC
M. catarrhalis URT infections Hockey-puck colonies SBA
LRT infections in px w/ COPD Wagon-wheel appearance CHOC
#3 cause of otitis media
GRAM (+) BACILLI
CLINICAL INFECTION VIRULENCE FACTOR CHARAC MEDIA
C. diphtheriae Respiratory Diphtheria Diphtheria toxin Club-shaped swellings Loeffler serum or Pai agars
Cutaneous Diphtheria Babes-Earnst Granules CTBA
B-hemolysis
C. jekeium Corynebacterium-assoc prosthetic
valve endocarditis
C. urealyticum UTIs Christensen Urea Slant
L. monocytogenes Spontaneous abortion Listeriolysin O Coccobacillus Cold enrichment technique
Stillborn neonates Catalase Motile @ RT: (4°C)
Sepsis Superoxide dismutase Tumbling motility ( wet
Meningitis Phospholipase C mount)
Surface Protein (p60) Umbrella pattern
(motility medium)
B-hemolytic
E. rhusiopathiae Erysipeloid Gram-variable 1% glucose incubated in
Occupational exposure Test-tube brush like patter 5%CO2 at 35°C
on gelatin stab
A.haemolyticum Pharyngitis Phospholipase D B-hemolysis
Black opaque dot when
colony is scraped away
Pitting of agar beneath
colony
G. vaginalis Bacterial Vaginosis Clue cells HBT
B-hemolytic
Nugent Scoring System
Rothia dentocariosa Supragingival plaque
CLINICAL INFECTION VIRULENCE FACTOR CHARAC MEDIA
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
S. aureus SSS (Ritter’s disease) Enterotoxins B-hemolytic SBA
TSS TSST-1
TEN Cytolytic toxins
Skin infections (folliculitis, Exfoliative toxin
carbuncles, bullous impetigo) Enzymes (CLHP)
Food poisoning Protein A
S. epidermidis Nosocomial infections Biofilm production Slime layer
UTI PGA
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
Usual contaminant of blood culture
S. saprophyticus UTI among young women
S. lugdunensis Both community associated & mecA gene
hospital acquired
STREPTOCOCCUS
S.pyogenes Bacterial pharyngitis M protein B-hemolysis SBA w/ SXT
Scarlet fever Fibronectin-binding protein Group A
Necrotizing fasciitis (protein F)
Strep TSS Streptolysin O
Poststrep Sequelae Streptolysin S
DNAse
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
Erythrogenic toxin
S. agalactiae Invasive disease in newborns Capsule B-hemolysis Todd-Hewitt Broth
(meningitis) #1 cause Sialic acid Group B Strep B carrot broth
Groups C & G URT infections
S. pneumoniae Adult meningitis (major cause) C substance antigen Oval or lancet shape BHI
Pneumococcal/lobar pneumonia Capsular polysaccharide a-hemolysis TSA w/ 5% sheep rbcs
Otitis media (#1 cause) Choc agar
Viridans Strep Subacute bacterial endocarditis Polysaccharide capsule and a-hemolysis
(S. anguis) cytolysin honeysuckle/ butterscotch
Dental plaques, caries (S. mutans) odor
Enterococcus Extracellular surface
E. faecalis Nosocomial adhesion proteins Group D
E. faescium UTI Extracellular serine protease
Bacteremia Gelatinase of E. faecalis
Endocarditis (grow in extreme conditions
& resistant to multiple
antimicrobial agents)
, GRAM (-) COCCI
CLINICAL INFECTION VIRULENCE FACTOR CHARAC MEDIA
NEISSERIACEAE
N. gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea Receptors for human Kidney or coffee-bean Thayer-Martin
PID transferrin shaped Modified Thayer-Martin
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome Capsule Non-encapsulated Martin-Lewis
Opthalmia neonatorum Pili (T1-T5) New York City
CM proteins (Por, Opa, RMP) GC-Lect
LOS
IgA protease
N. meningitidis Fulminant meningococcemia Same w/ N. gonorrhoeae Encapsulated strains have a SBA
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome halo around the organism CHOC
M. catarrhalis URT infections Hockey-puck colonies SBA
LRT infections in px w/ COPD Wagon-wheel appearance CHOC
#3 cause of otitis media
GRAM (+) BACILLI
CLINICAL INFECTION VIRULENCE FACTOR CHARAC MEDIA
C. diphtheriae Respiratory Diphtheria Diphtheria toxin Club-shaped swellings Loeffler serum or Pai agars
Cutaneous Diphtheria Babes-Earnst Granules CTBA
B-hemolysis
C. jekeium Corynebacterium-assoc prosthetic
valve endocarditis
C. urealyticum UTIs Christensen Urea Slant
L. monocytogenes Spontaneous abortion Listeriolysin O Coccobacillus Cold enrichment technique
Stillborn neonates Catalase Motile @ RT: (4°C)
Sepsis Superoxide dismutase Tumbling motility ( wet
Meningitis Phospholipase C mount)
Surface Protein (p60) Umbrella pattern
(motility medium)
B-hemolytic
E. rhusiopathiae Erysipeloid Gram-variable 1% glucose incubated in
Occupational exposure Test-tube brush like patter 5%CO2 at 35°C
on gelatin stab
A.haemolyticum Pharyngitis Phospholipase D B-hemolysis
Black opaque dot when
colony is scraped away
Pitting of agar beneath
colony
G. vaginalis Bacterial Vaginosis Clue cells HBT
B-hemolytic
Nugent Scoring System
Rothia dentocariosa Supragingival plaque
