Summary Professional Nursing 2 Concept Guide for Exam 3

Professional Nursing 2 Concept Guide for Exam 3Professional Nursing 2 Concept Guide for Exam 3 Concept guide is property of Rasmussen College. Do not share or post this guide on the internet. This is to be used only for your education.  Cataracts- lens opacity that distorts the image; common with older adults - Early symptoms- slightly blurred vision and decreased color perception. Pt thinks glasses are smudged. - Later symptoms- blurred and double vision occur. Pt has difficulties performing ADL’s - Treatment- surgery is the only cure - Teaching- Antiplatelet drugs (aspririn, Plavix) needs to be d/c’d prior to surgery. call doctor for increased pain, DO NOT bend over from waist, lift anything more than 10 lbs, or perform strenuous activities, and use stool softeners to avoid constipation  Glaucoma- increase in intraocular pressure causing tissue necrosis leading to irreversible blindness. Pt has tunnel vision. Pt has gradual loss of peripheral vision.  - Treatment- Non-surgical: Eye drops are used to reduce the production of or decrease absorption of aqueous humor. It is important to teach to apply punctual occlusion to prevent systemic absorption of eye drop. Oral glycerin and IV mannitol are given for angle-closure glaucoma to rapidly reduce IOP. Surgical: only used when drugs are not effective at controlling IOP. Two common procedures= laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy. - Medications- Prostaglandin Agonist (Latanoprost) drug should not be used if cornea is not intact also teach that medication darkens eye color ; Beta-adrenergic blockers (Carteolol) not for people with asthma or COPD , if pt has DM check BS frequently because they cause hypoglycemia ; Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (Brinzolamide) not for pt with allergies to sulfa, teach pt to shake drug before applying. - Diagnostic tests- tomonetry measures IOP normal pressure is 10-21 mm Hg. Visual field testing by perimetry, and gonioscopy determines if angle is open or closed.  Retinal Detachment- separation of the retina from the epithelium. - Symptoms- sudden bright flashes or light (photopsia) or floating dark spots in the affected eye. - Teaching- post-surgical correction of retinal detachment, pt should be taught to avoid activities that cause rapid eye movement like reading and writing.  Macular Degeneration- deterioration of the macula; effects central vision, causing blind spots directly ahead. - Symptoms- patients describe mild blurring and distortion at first & reduced central vision.  Hearing impaired - Medications/ Ototoxic- Meds that cause ototoxicity include Vancomycin, loop diuretics like furosemide, NSAIDs and chemotherapy agents like cisplatin. - Communication- pt may isolate themselves. Social isolation can lead to depression so encourage pt and family to discuss their feelings. Nursing priorities focus on facilitating communication and reducing anxiety. Communicate with pt by using pictures and writing, use assistive devices like hearing aids, lip-reading and sign language can increase communication. - Types of hearing loss and causes: