Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) NCLEX Questions ALL ANSWERED CORRECT 100% ASURED GRADE A+

1. You're caring for a 2-day-old infant with a large patent ductus arteriosus. The mother of the infant is anxious and asks you to explain her child's condition to her again. Which statement below BEST describes this condition? • A. "The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary vein has closed prematurely, which is leading to increased blood flow to the lungs." • B. "The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery has failed to close at birth, which is leading to a left-to-right shunt of blood." • C. The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary vein has failed to close at birth, which is leading to a right-to-left shunt of blood." • D. "The vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery has closed prematurely, which is leading to a left-to-right shunt of blood." 2. As the nurse you know which statements below are correct about the ductus arteriosus? Select all that apply: • A. "The ductus arteriosus is a structure that should be present in all babies in utero." • B. "The ductus arteriosus normally closes about 3 days after birth or sooner." • C. "The purpose of the ductus arteriosus is to help carry blood that is entering the left side of the heart to the rest of the body, hence bypassing the lungs." • D. "The ductus arteriosus connects the aorta to the pulmonary vein." 3. While assessing a newborn’s heart sounds you note a loud murmur at the left upper sternal border. You report this to the physician who suspects the infant may have patent ductus arteriosus. The physician asks you to obtain a pulse pressure. If patent ductus arteriosus is present, the pulse pressure would be . • A. Narrow • B. Fluctuating • C. Wide • D. Normal 4. As noted in the previous question, a loud murmur was noted during assessment of a newborn with patent ductus arteriosus. As the nurse you know that what type of murmur is a hallmark sign of this condition? • A. harsh, loud systolic murmur • B. soft, blowing diastolic murmur • C. systolic and diastolic machinery-like murmur • D. machinery-like murmur present on only diastole 5. You’re working on a unit that provides specialized cardiac care to the pediatric population. Which patient below would be the best candidate for Indomethacin from the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus? • A. A 25-year-old adult • B. A premature infant • C. An 8 month old child • D. A 12 year old child 6. You’re working in the NICU providing care to a neonate who has a large patent ductus arteriosus. Which finding during your head-to- toe assessment would require you to immediately notify the physician? • A. Loud, harsh continuous murmur • B. Abnormal pulse pressure • C. Crackles • D. Diaphoresis when feeding 7. You’re providing education to the parents of a child who has a patent ductus arteriosus. The parents want to know the complications of this condition. In your education, you will include which of the following complications of PDA? Select all that apply: • A. Heart failure • B. Pulmonary hypertension • C. Recurrent lung infections • D. Clubbing of the fingernails • E. Endocarditis • F. Pulmonary stenosis Tetrology of Fallot 1. You're providing an in-service to a group of new nurses who will be caring for patients who have Tetralogy of Fallot. Which statement below is INCORRECT concerning how the blood normally flows through the heart? • A. Unoxygenated blood enters through the superior and inferior vena cava and travels to the left atrium. • B. The pulmonic valve receives blood from the right ventricle and allows blood to flow to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. • C. The left atrium allows blood to flow down through the bicuspid valve (mitral) into the left ventricle. • D. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle and flows up through the aortic valve and aorta to be pumped to the rest of the body. 2. A 4-month-old is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. You're providing an illustration to the parent to help him understand the pathophysiology of this condition. What defects must be present in the illustration to help the parent understand their child's condition? Select all that apply: • A. Aortic stenosis • B. Ventricular septal defect • C. Coarctation of aorta • D. Right ventricular hypertrophy • E. Displacement of the aorta • F. Pulmonic stenosis • G. Patent ductus arteriosus 3. As the nurse you know which statements are TRUE about Tetralogy of Fallot? Select all that apply: • A. "Tetralogy of Fallot is a cyanotic heart defect." • B. "In this condition the heart has to work harder to pump blood to the lungs, which cause the right ventricle to work harder and enlarge." • C. "Tetralogy of Fallot is treated with only palliative surgery." • D. "Many patients with this condition will experience clubbing of the nails." 4. While feeding a 3-month-old infant, who has Tetralogy of Fallot, you notice the infant's skin begins to have a bluish tint and the breathing rate has increased. Your immediate nursing action is to? • A. Continue feeding the infant and place the infant on oxygen. • B. Stop feeding the infant and provide suction. • C. Stop feeding the infant and place the infant in the knee-to- chest position and administer oxygen. • D. Assess the i