TEST BANK FOR FOCUS ON NURSING PHARMACOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY KARCH

TEST BANK FOR FOCUS ON NURSING PHARMACOLOGY 7THEDITION BY KARCH S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Chapter 1: Introduction to Drugs Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 1.A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. A nurse working on an oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14- month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses? A) Pharmacoeconomics B) Pharmacotherapeutics C) Pharmacodynamics D) Pharmacokinetics Ans: B Response: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The nurse working in radiology is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The nurse working on an oncology unit is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body, and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the drug. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Nursing process 2.A physician has ordered intramuscular injections of morphine, a narcotic, every 4 hours as needed for pain for a motor vehicle accident victim. The nurse is aware that there is a high abuse potential for this drug; therefore, morphine is categorized as a: A) Schedule I drug B) Schedule II drug C) Schedule III drug D) Schedule IV drug Ans: B Response: Narcotics such as morphine are considered schedule II drugs because of the high abuse potential with severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a lesser abuse potential than schedule II drugs and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs have low abuse potential and limited dependence liability. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Communication and documentation 3.A nurse working for a drug company is involved in phase III drug evaluation studies. Which of the following might the nurse be responsible for during this stage of drug development? Chapter 1: Introduction to Drugs A) Working with animals who are given experimental drugs B) Monitoring drug effects in patients who are selected to participate in a study, who have the disease that the drug is meant to treat C) Collecting records of symptoms that participants experience while taking a drug and determining whether they are caused by the disease or the drug D) Informing healthy, young volunteer participants of possible risks that could occur from taking an experimental drug Ans: C Response: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical market where patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. A select group of patients who are involved in phase II studies participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process 4.Which of the following concepts is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand-name drugs? A) Bioavailability B) Critical concentration C) Distribution D) Half-life Ans: A Response: Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand-name drug. Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ, which may eliminate a substitution. Critical concentration is the amount of a drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect. Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics that involves the movement of a drug to the body's tissues. A drug's half-life is the time it takes for the amount of drug to decrease to one-half of the peak level. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Teaching/learning 5.A nurse is teaching her patient about the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which of the following statements best informs the patient about their safe use? A) ―OTC drugs are products that are available without prescription for selftreatment of minor complaints.‖ B) ―OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported on a drug history.‖ Chapter 1: Introduction to Drugs C) ―OTC drugs were approved as prescription drugs but later were found to be safe without the need for a prescription.‖ D) ―OTC drugs need to be taken with caution. They can mask the signs and symptoms of an underlying disease and interfere with prescription drug therapy.‖ Ans: D Response: OTC drugs are considered medications and should be reported. OTC drugs are available without a prescription, although some were first approved as prescription drugs. The most important teaching should relate to their safe use and that OTC drugs can mask symptoms of disease and interfere with prescribed drugs. Cognitive Level: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Nursing Process 6.Which of the following legislative acts allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established? A) Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 B) Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 C) Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951 D) Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962 Ans: D Response: The Kefauver-Harris Act was the result of the use of the 1960s drug thalidomide (Thalomid). The public concern led to the legislation that gave the FDA regulatory control over testing and evaluating of drugs and allowed it to set standards for efficacy and safety. The Pure Food and Drug Act required labeling to eliminate false claims. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA the power to enforce standards for testing drug toxicity and monitoring labeling. The DurhamHumphrey Amendment enforced prescriptions for distribution. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/learning 7.A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a pregnancy category B drug. The nurse would inform the patient that: A) ―Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.‖ B) ―Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.‖ C) ―Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.‖ D) ―There is evidence of human fetal risk but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.‖ Ans: B Response: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus but This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:27:50 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | iosntritbou-Dtiorungos/ f this document is illegal Chapter 1: Introduction to Drugs there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus but there have been no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh the risks. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Teaching/learning 8. Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs? A) ―OTC drugs are always safe and will not cause bad effects.‖ B) ―OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).‖ C) ―OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.‖ D) ―OTC drugs are thought to be safe when taken as directed.‖ Ans: D Response: OTC drugs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning 9. Which of the following would be the best source of drug information for a nurse? A) Drug Facts and Comparisons book B) A nurse's drug guide C) A drug package insert D) The Physician's Drug Reference (PDR) Ans: B Response: The most user-friendly drug source for a nurse is a nurse's drug guidebook. A guide provides nursing implications and patient teaching points that are most useful to nurses. The Drug Facts and Comparisons book provides a wide range of drug information but is hard to manipulate and is very expensive. A package insert contains all of the chemical and drug company research information about a drug; however, the information can be difficult to understand and the print is very small. The PDR is heavily cross-referenced and difficult to use. Cognitive Level: Comprehension S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:27:50 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | iosntritbou-Dtiorungos/ f this document is illegal Chapter 1: Introduction to Drugs Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process 10. Which of the following statements best defines how a chemical becomes a drug? A) A chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug. B) A chemical becomes a drug when it is introduced into the body to cause a change. C) A chemical is considered a drug when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves its release to be marketed. D) A chemical must have demonstrated therapeutic value to become a drug. Ans: A Response: A chemical must undergo a series of tests to determine its therapeutic value and efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties before it is termed a drug. Test results are reported to the FDA, which may or may not give approval. S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:00 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | rhibe-uBtioodny/of this document is illegal Chapter 2: Drugs and the Body Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 1.In which of the following patients would a nurse expect to see an alteration in drug metabolism? A) A 35-year-old female with cervical cancer B) A 41-year-old male with kidney stones C) A 50-year-old male with cirrhosis of the liver D) A 62-year-old female in acute renal failure Ans: C Response: The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not be metabolized normally and toxic levels could develop. In cirrhosis patients the drug dosage will need to be altered to ensure normal levels in the body. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 2.A patient has a drug level of 50 units/mL and the drug's half-life is 1 hour. If concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given, how long will it take for the blood level to reach the nontoxic range? A) 30 minutes B) 1 hour C) 2 hours D) 3 hours Ans: C Response: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2). After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 3.A nurse is caring for a patient who has recently moved from Vermont to south Florida. The patient has been on the same antihypertensive drug for 6 years and has had stable blood pressures and no side effects. Since her move, however, she reports having ―dizzy spells and weakness‖ and feels that the drug is no longer effective. The nurse knows that one possible reason for the change in the effectiveness of the drug could be which of the following? A) The impact of the placebo effect on the patient's response B) The accumulative effect of the drug if it has been taken for many years C) The impact of the warmer environment on the patient's physical state D) Problems with patient compliance with the drug regimen while on vacation Ans: C Response: S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:00 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | rhibe-uBtioodny/of this document is illegal Chapter 2: Drugs and the Body Antihypertensive drugs work to decrease the blood pressure. When a patient goes to a climate that is much warmer than usual, blood vessels dilate and the blood pressure falls. If a patient is taking an antihypertensive drug and enters a warmer climate, there is a chance that the patient's blood pressure will drop too low, resulting in dizziness and feelings of weakness. Most antihypertensives are metabolized and excreted and do not accumulate in the body. Patients must be very compliant with their drug regimen while on vacation. After several years on an antihypertensive drug, the effects of that drug are known; therefore, the placebo effect should not be an issue. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process 4.During which phase of pharmacokinetics could a significant drug-drug interaction occur, resulting in one drug stimulating or blocking the metabolism of the other drug? A) Absorption B) Distribution C) Biotransformation D) Excretion Ans: C Response: During biotransformation, a drug may be metabolized quicker if taken at the same time as another drug, and higher doses of the drug will be needed to achieve the desired effect. During absorption, one drug can prevent or accelerate absorption of the other drug. During distribution, one drug competes for the protein-binding site of another drug so the second drug cannot be transported to the reactive tissue. During excretion, one drug competes for excretion with the other drug, leading to accumulation and toxic effects of one of the drugs. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process 5.Which statement accurately describes a drug agonist? A) A drug that reacts with specific receptor sites on a cell and prevents the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on that cell B) A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalysts for different chemical reactions C) A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site D) A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect Ans: C Response: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with certain receptor sites, preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drugenzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:00 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | rhibe-uBtioodny/of this document is illegal Chapter 2: Drugs and the Body chemical reactions. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 6.A nurse has been administering a drug to a patient intramuscularly (IM). The physician discontinued the IM dose and wrote an order for the drug to be given orally. The nurse notices that the oral dosage is considerably higher than the parenteral dose and understands that this is due to: A) Passive diffusion B) Active transport C) Glomerular filtration D) First-pass effect Ans: D Response: The first-pass effect involves drugs that are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. Once in the liver, enzymes break the drug into metabolites, which may become active or may be deactivated and readily excreted from the body. A large percentage of the oral dose is usually destroyed and never reaches tissues. Oral dosages account for the phenomenon to ensure an appropriate amount of the drug in the body to produce a therapeutic action. Passive diffusion is the major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body. Active transport is a process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Nursing process 7.A nurse working as a member of a research team is exploring the unique differences in drug response that each individual possesses based on his or her genetic makeup. This area of study is called: A) Pharmacotherapeutics B) Pharmacodynamics C) Pharmacoeconomics D) Pharmacogenomics Ans: D Response: Pharmacogenomics is the area of study that includes mapping of the human genome. In the future, medical care and drug regimens may be personally designed based on a person's unique genetic makeup. Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the use of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Cognitive Level: Comprehension S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:00 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | rhibe-uBtioodny/of this document is illegal Chapter 2: Drugs and the Body Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Nursing process 8.The nurse is aware that for a drug to work properly on reactive tissues, a sufficient amount of the drug is needed to cause the therapeutic effect. The term used for this amount is: A) Critical concentration B) Dynamic equilibrium C) Selective toxicity D) Active transport Ans: A Response: A critical concentration of a drug must be present before a reaction occurs within our cells. A dynamic equilibrium is obtained from absorption of a drug from the site of drug entry, distribution to the active site, metabolism in the liver, and excretion from the body to have a critical concentration. Selective toxicity is the ability of a drug to attach only to those systems found in foreign cells. Active transport is the process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 9.A nurse has received an order to administer two drugs at the same time of the day. The nurse should first: A) Wash her hands before handling the medications B) Consult a drug guide for compatibility C) Question the patient concerning drug allergies D) Identify the patient by checking the armband and asking the patient to state his name Ans: B Response: A nurse should always first consult a drug guide for compatibility when two or more drugs are being given at the same time. Once she is certain the drugs are compatible, she should wash her hands and prepare the medication. She should identify the patient appropriately and ask about drug allergies prior to administering the medication. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing Process 10.Which of the following factors affects absorption of intramuscular (IM) administration of drugs? A) Perfusion of blood to the subcutaneous tissue B) Integrity of the mucous membranes C) Environmental temperature D) Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract Ans: C Response: S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:00 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | rhibe-uBtioodny/of this document is illegal Chapter 2: Drugs and the Body A cold environmental temperature can cause muscles to vasoconstrict and decreases absorption; a hot environment can cause vasodilation and increase absorption of IM medications. Blood flow to the subcutaneous tissues interferes with subcutaneous injection, and blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract causes alterations in absorption for oral medications. The condition of mucous membranes can interfere with sublingual (under the tongue) and buccal (in the cheek) administration of drugs. S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:09 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | iesctrt isb-ouf tioDnruogfst/his document is illegal Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Teaching/learning 1.A nurse is instructing her patient about a newly prescribed drug. Which of the following should be included in the teaching to help improve patient compliance and safety? A) List of pharmacies where the drug can be obtained B) Measures to alleviate any discomfort associated with adverse effects C) The cost of the brand-name drug compared to the generic form D) Statistics related to phase III of testing for the prescribed drug Ans: B Response: If patients are aware of certain adverse effects and how to alleviate or decrease the discomfort, they are more likely to continue taking the medication. A list of pharmacies can be useful information but will not improve safety or compliance. Knowing the cost of the brand-name versus the generic drug could also be helpful to the patient; however, a substitution may not be allowable and the cost of a drug does not improve patient safety. Most patients are not concerned with the statistics related to drug testing and the results are therefore not shared with the patient. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 2.A patient has been taking an oral antibiotic for 10 days. She reports to the nurse that she has developed vaginal itching and a clear discharge. The nurse is aware that the patient is experiencing which of the following? A) An adverse reaction from the antibiotic B) A stomatitis, which has caused an inflammation of the mucous membranes C) An overdose of the drug that is damaging to more than one body system D) A superinfection caused by the antibiotic, which has destroyed normal flora Ans: D Response: Superinfections often occur with antibiotic use because the drug kills normal flora bacteria. Vaginal itching and a clear discharge are signs and symptoms of a yeast infection and not stomatitis. Vaginal itching and a clear discharge are not considered adverse effects of an antibiotic. An overdose of a drug that damages more than one body system is considered poisoning. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 3.A male patient is admitted to the emergency room in distress. The nurse suspects an anaphylactic reaction from oral penicillin. Which assessment findings are important in making this diagnosis? A) Blood pressure: 186/100, difficulty breathing B) Hematocrit (Hct): 32%, decreased urine output C) Temperature: 102ºF, swollen joints D) Profuse sweating, blood pressure: 92/58 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:09 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | iesctrt isb-ouf tioDnruogfst/his document is illegal Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs Ans: A Response: An anaphylactic reaction is an immune reaction that causes a massive release of histamine, resulting in edema and swelling, which can lead to respiratory distress and increased blood pressure. A decreased Hct and decreased urine output suggest a cytotoxic reaction. An increased temperature and swollen joints could suggest serum sickness. Profuse sweating and a blood pressure of 92/58 may indicate cardiacrelated issues Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/learning 4.A patient is taking an antihistamine to relieve itchy, watery eyes and a runny nose associated with seasonal allergies. A good nursing intervention would be to advise the patient to: A) Limit fluid intake to dry mucous membranes B) Avoid driving or operating machinery C) Report strange dreams or nightmares D) Decrease dietary fat Ans: B Response: An adverse effect of antihistamines is drowsiness, and injury can occur if the patient drives or operates machinery. An increase in fluids would be indicated to help keep nasal membranes moist. It is common for dreams to occur when taking medication and it is not necessary to report them. Dietary fat should not interfere with the drug metabolism of antihistamines. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Teaching/learning 5.A nurse is teaching a group of five patients who are beginning drug therapy for AIDS. Which of the following should be included in her instructions to the group? A) ―Take your medications as indicated. Poisoning can occur when an overdose damages more than one body system.‖ B) ―Renal injury is common and can be caused by the first-pass effect.‖ C) ―A blood dyscrasia due to drug therapy can be serious. Call us if your skin looks yellow.‖ D) ―Most drugs are metabolized in the liver. You should report dark red papules immediately.‖ Ans: A Response: Poisoning can lead to the potential for fatal reactions when more than one body system is affected. Liver injury can be caused by the first-pass effect and can cause the skin to have a yellow appearance. Most drugs are metabolized in the liver. However, dark red papules appearing on extremities are characteristic of StevensJohnson syndrome, a potentially fatal erythema multiforme exudativum. S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:09 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | iesctrt isb-ouf tioDnruogfst/his document is illegal Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 6.Potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to potassium retention. Which assessment finding could indicate hyperkalemia? A) Urine output of 1500 mL/24 hours B) Blood pressure of 98/60 C) Potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L D) Pulse: 60 and weak Ans: C Response: The normal range of serum potassium for an adult is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. A level higher than 5.0 mEq/L can indicate hyperkalemia. Normal urinary output is between 1500 and 2000 mL per day. Urinary output below 1000 mL per day would include oliguria and would indicate hyperkalemia. A decrease in blood pressure and pulse can indicate hypokalemia. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Teaching/learning 7.A nurse is talking with family members of an 80-year-old patient who is experiencing tinnitus from taking a macrolide antibiotic. Which of the following should the nurse include in her instructions regarding home care? A) Keep the patient in the prone position when in bed. B) Eliminate salt from the patient's diet. C) Provide protective measures to prevent falling or injury. D) Monitor exposure to sunlight. Ans: C Response: Macrolide antibiotics can cause severe auditory nerve damage, which can cause dizziness, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and loss of balance and hearing. The patient would be at high risk for injury due to falls. Usually a person who is dizzy is unable to lie flat and needs to recline with the head elevated. Salt may be decreased but not entirely eliminated from the diet. Sunlight is usually not an issue because clients who experience tinnitus are inside their homes in a quiet environment or on bed rest. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 8.Alterations in glucose metabolism can occur from use of oral antidiabetic drugs. A nurse will observe patients who are taking these drugs for which of the following? A) Increased urination B) Deep Kussmaul's respirations C) Increased hunger D) Tremors and lack of coordination Ans: D Response: Lowering the blood glucose is an immediate problem for the nervous system, and S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:09 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | iesctrt isb-ouf tioDnruogfst/his document is illegal Chapter 3: Toxic Effects of Drugs tremors and lack of coordination may be observed in the patient. When high blood glucose levels occur, the patient may report increased hunger, urination, and thirst. Prolonged high blood glucose levels may result in Kussmaul's respirations as the patient tries to expel the excess CO2. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 9.A patient is being seen in the clinic for rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following statements would indicate that she may be developing a complication from her rheumatoid medication, chloroquine (Aralen)? A) ―I have to urinate all the time.‖ B) ―Sometimes I have blurred vision.‖ C) ―I have tingling and numbness in my arms and legs.‖ D) ―Sometimes I feel like I am losing my balance when I walk.‖ Ans: B Response: Chloroquine (Aralen) can cause ocular toxicity with blurring of vision, color vision changes, corneal damage, and blindness. Increased urination and tingling and numbness are signs of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. Loss of balance can be caused by auditory damage due to drug toxicity. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 10.A 68-year-old patient who must take antihistamines for severe allergies is planning a vacation to Mexico. The nurse will encourage the patient to: A) Avoid sightseeing during the hottest part of the day B) Discontinue the antihistamines if he becomes extremely restless C) Decrease the dosage of the drugs if he experiences excessive thirst D) Continue taking the antihistamines even if he begins to hallucinate Ans: A Response: Antihistamines can cause anticholinergic effects, which block the parasympathetic nervous system by blocking cholinergic receptors, and decrease sweating, placing the patient at high risk for heat stroke. Avoiding the hottest part of the day will help prevent dehydration and heat prostration. Extreme restlessness could indicate Parkinson-like syndrome not usually associated with antihistamines. Excessive thirst is characteristic of hyperglycemia, and hallucinations are associated with drugs that affect neurologic functioning. Nurses should never tell patients to decrease or discontinue a drug unless the prescriber has instructed them to do so. S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 1. A 70-year-old patient has just received a drug, which can cause sedation. What would be the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient? A) Noncompliance: Cost of the drug B) Deficient knowledge: Unfamiliar with drug therapy C) Risk for injury: Related to adverse effects of the drug D) Ineffective health maintenance: Need for medication 2. When providing drug therapy to a patient what is a responsibility of the nurse? A) Teaching the patient how to cope with the effects of the drug to ensure the best outcome B) Helping the patient analyze the physiological and pathological effects of drugs C) Warning the patient how most patients respond to the drug therapy D) Encouraging the patient to increase or decrease dosages 3. You are gathering assessment data from a medication history of a 38-year-old male with four children. What assessment information would be most important in providing care for this patient? A) The medication history of the patient's mother and/or father B) The name of the patient's pharmacy C) Insurance, financial support, and stability for the patient and his family D) The last time the patient was hospitalized 4. During what phase of the nursing process would the nurse be required to consider the efficacy of nursing interventions related to drug therapy? A) Assessment B) Nursing diagnosis C) Interventions D) Evaluation 5. Drug studies generally base the recommended adult dose of a drug needed to reach a critical concentration on what measure? A) A 60-year-old man B) An average-sized woman C) A 150-pound adult male D) An obese adult This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 1 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 6. A nurse is caring for a child on the pediatric unit. A drug is ordered for the child, but there is no pediatric dose listed for the drug. To make sure that the right dose has been ordered, what will the nurse use to calculate the correct dose? A) Surface area B) Height C) Birth date D) Age at gestation 7. You are evaluating the discharge teaching you have done with your patient concerning their drug therapy. What statement from the patient would indicate that teaching had been effective? A) ―I have to take three pills each day. It doesn't matter when.‖ B) ―I should take the white pill in the morning and the green pill in the afternoon. I don't know what they are called.‖ C) ―I need to tell all my other doctors that I am taking this Coumadin because it could interact with other drugs.‖ D) ―I think I could cut that pill in half if I wanted to.‖ 8. The pharmacology students are learning about antibiotics that are known to cause photosensitivity in some patients. What nursing measures would ensure the comfort of patients taking these antibiotics and hopefully avoid serious adverse effects? A) Avoiding the use of aspirin and other over-the counter pain products B) Getting a wig or other head cover to avoid heat loss C) Avoiding exposure to sunlight or use of a sunscreen and protective clothing if exposure is inevitable D) Providing frequent rest periods in a dark room 9. When taking a medication history on a patient why should the nurse ask about the use of alternative therapies? A) Patients who use new drugs are usually not compliant with medical regimens. B) Many drug-alternative therapy interactions can cause serious problems and should be avoided. C) Natural products may be more effective and the drug may not be needed. D) The cost of the drug and the alternative therapy may be too great for the patient to handle. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 2 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 10. Medication orders are written with very specific criteria and coincide with the 7 rights of medication administration. What critical piece of information is missing from the following medication order? Amoxicillin 250 mg every 8 hours. A) Dose B) Route C) Frequency of administration D) Trade name of the drug 11. You are the home health nurse caring for a 77-year-old patient with congestive heart failure. When assessing this patient, in relation to their drug therapy, what is one thing that would be important for you to include in your assessment? A) Patient's age B) Required lifestyle changes C) Family members in the community D) Compliance with nutritional recommendations 12. The student nurses are learning to weigh patients and do vital signs. Weighing a client is a nursing intervention that is most important for what? A) Dosage calculation B) Assessing changes in fluid balance C) Assessing changes in nutritional status D) Caloric needs 13. Teaching the patient/caregiver about their medications is an important step in reducing the risk of medication errors. What is an important teaching point about medications? A) Speak up B) Store medications in a warm humid place C) Adjust your medication according to your weight D) Keep a list of your prescribed medications 14. A 73-year-old male patient is being discharged home today. The discharge order for reads: Take 10 mL of guaifenesin (Robitussin) PO q4h. The Robitussin comes in bottles with plastic measuring caps. How much should the nurse teach the client to take at home? A) ½ tsp B) 1 tsp C) 2 tsp D) 1 tbsp This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 3 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 15. It is important to evaluate the efficacy of what parameter when evaluating the drug therapy of a patient? A) Appropriateness of drug dosages B) Compliance C) Caregivers knowledge level D) Nursing interventions 16. You are doing an admission assessment on a patient. During the medication history portion of the assessment what would be important to assess with herbal supplements? A) Research them for interactions with other medications B) Discontinue them if taking prescription medications C) Take them one hour before prescription medications D) Take them three hours after prescription medications 17. A 27-year-old male is admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) after a serious motorcycle accident. The patient has a head injury, abrasions covering the left side of his body, a broken left femur, and internal injuries that are not fully assessed at this time. He is transferred from the ED to the ICU. The nurse who is going to care for this patient in the ICU knows that one of their most important responsibilities in regard to drug therapy is what? A) Support vital functions B) Continue curative treatment C) Institute life-saving treatment D) Monitor the patient's response 18. When assessing a patient prior to starting a drug regimen it is often necessary to have a baseline kidney function study done. What might kidney impairment indicate in relation to drug therapy? A) Pharmacodynamics stable at the therapeutic dose B) Contraindication to the use of a drug C) Increased dosage of a drug D) Decreased adverse effects of a drug 19. A nurse is caring for a 77-year-old patient. The nurse would know that a normal physiologic change that must be considered when planning drug therapy, and is associated with aging is what? A) Blood volume decreases B) Subcutaneous tissue increases C) Total body water increases D) Muscle mass increases This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 4 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 20. You are caring for a patient who takes several drugs. You know that those patients most likely to have adverse drug reactions are who? A) Patients with coronary artery disease B) Non-compliant patients C) Patients who are on the recommended dose D) Very young and very old patients 21. Which statement best describes drug efficacy/toxicity in pediatric clients? A) Drug requirements for infants have been extensively studied. B) Drug dosage is altered by age and weight in children. C) Children always need smaller doses of medication than adults. D) Infants and children are always at greater risk for drug toxicity with any medication. 22. A 7-year-old male fell off a wood pile while playing. He has been admitted to the ICU with multiple broken bones and internal bleeding. What should the nurse know about drug therapy in this type of patient? A) Adverse effects may be decreased B) Therapeutic effects may be increased C) Pharmacodynamics may be altered D) Pharmacokinetics remain the same 23. You are designing a drug regimen for a patient. What should be considered? A) Quality-of-life issues B) Ethnicity of patient C) Gender D) Quantity-of-life issues 24. The nursing instructor is discussing drug therapy in the older adult. What would the instructor tell the students could effect therapeutic dosing in an older adult? A) In older adults, drugs have decreased GI absorption. B) In older adults, drugs are released more quickly into circulation. C) In older adults, drugs are distributed to a smaller portion of the tissue. D) In older adults, drugs have an increased action. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 5 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 25. In today's healthcare environment there is often more contact between the patient and the nurse than between the patient and the physician. What does this make the nurse in the best position to do? A) Assess the patient's inability to document medication taken B) Assess the patient's inability to communicate with caregivers C) Assess the therapeutic success of the drug therapy D) Assess the patient's reluctance to purchase the prescribed drug 26. You are discussing your patient's drug regimen with their primary care provider. The patient has seen two specialists since seeing the primary care provider and been diagnosed with renal impairment. Why would this be important information? (Mark all that apply.) A) To keep everyone in the loop B) Help prevent medication errors C) So the physician can answer family questions D) Help prevent adverse effects E) Help promote a safe and effective medication regimen 27. It is often necessary to obtain baseline data prior to initiating many forms of drug therapy. These baseline data include what? (Mark all that apply.) A) Education level B) Allergies C) Drug use D) Number of members in family E) Father's occupation 28. A 32-year-old female is admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. You are writing a care plan for this patient. You know that an appropriate nursing diagnosis to help prevent medication errors is what? A) Dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility B) Ineffective self health maintenance C) Risk for injury D) Deficient fluid volume 29. When using the nursing process in medication therapy, what does it ensure? A) That medications are given at the right time B) That there is efficient and effective care C) That the right dose of the drug is given to the patient D) The right drug is given to the right patient at the right time This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 6 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 30. A 35-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. He was originally being treated at home, but became worse when he quit taking his medicine. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnoses for this patient? A) Deficient knowledge: monitoring temperature B) Noncompliance C) Risk for injury related to office visits D) Non-adherence: overuse This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 7 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal Answer Key 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. B, D, E 27. A, B, C 28. D 29. B 30. B This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 8 7-2021 16:28:17 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:26 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | tcriubluat ti ioonnso/ f this document is illegal Chapter 5: Dosage Calculations Cognitive Level: Knowledge Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Nursing process 1.Which of the following measuring systems used in drug preparation and delivery uses the gram as the basic unit of solid measure? A) Metric system B) Apothecary system C) Household system D) Avoirdupois system Ans: A Response: The metric system is the most widely used system of measurement and is based on the decimal system. The gram is the basic unit of solid measure and the liter is the basic unit of liquid measure. The apothecary system uses the grain as the basic unit of solid measure. The household system uses the pound as the basic unit of measure. The avoirdupois system uses ounces and grains but is mostly used by drug manufacturers for bulk medications. Cognitive Level: Analysis Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 2.A nurse is explaining to a young mother why she cannot give her 2-year-old child an adult dose of Tylenol. Which of the following statements would indicate that the mother needs further education? A) ―There could be a time when my child may need a higher dose than normal.‖ B) ―My baby's dose of Tylenol is based on a healthy adult male.‖ C) ―My baby can't handle a high dose of Tylenol because her liver may be damaged.‖ D) ―My child's dose of Tylenol should be based on her weight or age.‖ Ans: B Response: A child's dose is never based on an adult's dose. However, on rare occasions a child's dose might be higher than normal if a critical concentration cannot be reached with a smaller dose and a higher dose would not be harmful. Benefits from the increased dosage would have to outweigh the risk for adverse or toxic effects. A child's organs may not be mature enough to handle drugs, causing drug metabolism to be altered. A child's dosages are determined by the age, weight, or body surface. Cognitive Level: Comprehension Difficulty: Easy Integrated Process: Nursing process 3.A nurse is calculating a child's medication dose by using Clark's Rule. Which of the following calculations represents the application of Clark's Rule? A) Infant's age in months/150 months × the average adult dose B) Child's age in years/child's age in years + 12 times the average adult dose C) Weight of child in pounds/150 pounds × the average adult dose D) Surface area in square meters/1.73 × the average adult dose Ans: C S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:26 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | tcriubluat ti ioonnso/ f this document is illegal Chapter 5: Dosage Calculations Response: Clark's Rule uses the child's weight to calculate the dose and assumes the adult dose is based on a 150-pound person. Fried's Rule applies to a child younger than 1 year of age and assumes than an adult dose would be appropriate for a child who is 12.5 years (150 months) old. Young's Rule applies to children 1 to 12 years of age. Surface area calculation of a child's dose is determined with the use of a nomogram including the child's height and weight. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 4.A patient is to receive a daily dose of 240 mg of a medication. The dose is supposed to be divided evenly so that the drug is given every 6 hours. How much of the drug should be given at each dose? A) 30 mg B) 40 mg C) 50 mg D) 60 mg Ans: D Response: Because there are 24 hours in a day, giving a drug every 6 hours would mean giving the drug four times a day. Because the total daily dose is 240 mg, dividing that dose by four would mean each dose should be 60 mg. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 5.A physician order is written for a patient to receive 500 mL of normal saline IV over 8 hours. If the IV infusion set delivers 15 drops/mL, how many drops per minute should the patient receive? A) 15 drops/min B) 20 drops/min C) 32 drops/min D) 64 drops/min Ans: A Response: If a patient were to receive 500 mL in 8 hours, dividing 500 by 8 would mean that the patient would receive 62.5 mL in 1 hour, or 60 minutes. Setting up the equation, 15 drops/mL/X = 62.5 mL/60 minutes, and cross-multiplying, the answer will be 15 drops/min. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 6.Thirty-two units of Humulin insulin is ordered for the patient. The insulin is supplied in a multidose vial that is labeled 100 units/mL. How much insulin would be needed to treat this patient? S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:26 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | tcriubluat ti ioonnso/ f this document is illegal Chapter 5: Dosage Calculations A) 0.032 cc B) 0.32 cc C) 3.2 cc D) 32 cc Ans: B Response: A cc is equivalent to an mL. There are 100 units in each cc. Divide that amount by 32 units for the answer (0.32 cc). Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Difficult Integrated Process: Nursing process 7.A young adult is receiving a maintenance dose of aminophylline, 3 mg/kg PO q6h. The patient weighs 50 kg. How much should the patient receive in a 24-hour period? A) 200 mg B) 400 mg C) 600 mg D) 800 mg Ans: C Response: Use the formula, amount of drug prescribed × weight of the patient in kg × 4 (q6h in a 24-hour period = 4). 3 × 50 = 150 mg to be given every 6 hours. To determine how much the patient will receive in a 24-hour period, divide 6 into 24 to equal 4 doses. 4 × 150 = 600 mg. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 8.An order is written for oxazepam for a 6-year-old child. The nurse notices that there is no established dosage for children 6 to 12 years of age. Knowing that the usual adult dose is 10 mg t.i.d., what would the nurse calculate the appropriate dose to be? A) 0.03 mg t.i.d. B) 0.3 mg t.i.d. C) 1.8 mg t.i.d. D) 3.3 mg t.i.d. Ans: D Response: Because the nurse only knows the child's age, the nurse would need to use Young's Rule to determine the appropriate dosage. Use the formula, child's dose equals the age of the child in years divided by the child's age plus 12 times the average adult dose to calculate the answer. Dose = (6/[6 + 12]) × 10 mg (6/18 = 0.33 × 10 = 3.3). Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 9.An order is written for a patient to receive 1000 mL of normal saline IV over 8 hours. If the IV infusion set is a microdrip set that delivers 60 drops/mL, how many drops S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material This study source was downloaded by from CourseHPaogne:28:26 GMT -05:00 Downloaded by: Bestn | tcriubluat ti ioonnso/ f this document is illegal Chapter 5: Dosage Calculations per minute should the patient be receiving? A) 60 drops/min B) 120 drops/min C) 240 drops/min D) 480 drops/min Ans: B Response: If a patient were to receive 1000 mL in 8 hours, dividing 1000 by 8 would mean that the patient would receive 125 mL in 1 hour, or 60 minutes. Setting up the equation, 60 drops/mL × X = 125 mL/60 min, and cross-multiplying, the answer is 120 drops/min. Cognitive Level: Application Difficulty: Moderate Integrated Process: Nursing process 10.A patient needs to take 1 g PO of cefadroxil. The drug comes in 500-mg tablets. How many tablets should the patient take? A) 0.5 tablet B) 1 tablet C) 2 tablets D) 3 tablets Ans: C Response: Convert 1 g to mg by multiplying 1 g times 1000 mg. There are 500 mg in each tablet. Dividing the 1000-mg prescribed dosage by the 500-mg available dosage, the answer is 2 tablets. S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 1.A nurse is preparing a prescribed dose of rabeprazole for a client with gastric ulcers. The nursing drug guide does not list treatment of gastric ulcers among the recognized indications for this drug. What should the nurse do? A) Administer the drug as ordered B) Clarify with the prescriber concerning the ordered drug C) Document this potential error in the client's health record D) Ask the client whether he or she has taken this drug before 2.The nurse is applying the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for the possibility of bioterrorism. What action should the nurse perform? A) Post updated information on signs and symptoms of infections caused by biological agents B) Provide guidelines for treating clients exposed to, or potentially exposed to, biological agents C) Remain current on recognition and treatment of infections caused by biological weapons D) Advocate for increased funding for research involving bioterrorism and client treatment 3.A nurse's learning goals for the year include reviewing the most up-to-date information about emergency preparedness related to bioterrorism agents. What should the nurse do? A) Read textbooks devoted to the topic B) Review best practices around triage and emergency care C) Read journal articles about bioterrorism agents D) Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site 4.The nurse is assessing a client with diabetes who reports several hypoglycemic episodes during the past 3 weeks. What assessment question best addresses a potential causative factor? A) ―Do you ever take St. John's wort?‖ B) ―Have you used any recreational drugs in the past few weeks?‖ C) ―Has your carbohydrate intake increased in recent weeks?‖ D) ―Have you been taking any ginseng supplements?‖ 5.A 22-year-old client calls the clinic and tells the nurse that she has been depressed and is thinking about taking St. John's wort but wants to know if it is safe first. The nurse has encouraged the client to discuss this with the provider. What component of the client's drug regimen should the nurse identify as a high risk for interaction? A) Diphenhydramine B) Acetaminophen with codeine C) Doxycycline This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 1 7-2021 16:28:34 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal D) Estradiol/levonorgestrel 6.A client tells the clinic nurse that he or she has been taking an over-the-counter (OTC) antacid to relieve acid indigestion daily for several months. This is the first time the client has ever reported this medication use to a health care provider. What health education should the nurse provide to the client? A) ―In future, let your provider know, because it could be that you could get an equivalent prescription that would be covered by insurance.‖ B) ―There's a possibility that the drug could mask symptoms of a serious problem that could remain undiagnosed.‖ C) ―Unsupervised use of OTC antacids often leads to a rebound effect, with worsening indigestion.‖ D) ―Ensure that you keep your provider up to date on your mediation use so there aren't any unanticipated interactions.‖ 7.To what client should the nurse most expect to administer a drug for an off-label use? A) A client who has a history of not adhering to prescribed therapy B) A 44-year-old client with type 1 diabetes C) A 31-year-old client in the third trimester of pregnancy D) A 79-year-old male client who lives independently 8.A client calls the clinic and asks the nurse for a drug that was advertised on TV. The client is keen to experience the benefits described in the commercial. What is the client's best response? A) ―I'm glad that you want to be involved in treatment decisions but you are not qualified to decide what medications are best for your condition.‖ B) ―It's important to remember that drug advertisements emphasize the positive effects of drug therapy and not the adverse effects or contraindications.‖ C) ―You need to remember that the drugs being advertised are much more expensive than other drugs that have the same effect and that aren't advertised.‖ D) ―I've seen those advertisements and I would want to take that medication too if I had the condition it was designed to treat.‖ 9. The clinic nurse is talking with a client about information concerning a medication that the client read about online. What is the nurse's best action? A) Encourage the client to seek information about drugs from a pharmacist. B) Explain that information obtained from the Internet is not always accurate. C) Offer the client a drug reference guide to read and learn more about the drug. D) Interpret the information and explain it in terms that the client will understand. 10. The triage nurse in the emergency department admits a client in distress. The client's This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 2 7-2021 16:28:34 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal parents attribute the client's distress to amphetamine use. What assessment finding would best corroborate this parent's suspicion? A) Blood pressure 196/117 mm Hg B) Heart rate 96 beats/minute, regular rhythm C) Drowsiness, arousable by touch D) Dilated pupils, unresponse to light 11. The nursing instructor is discussing the off-label use of drugs. What client is most likely to benefit from prescription of off-label drugs? A) A client with schizophrenia B) A client who experiences gastroesophageal reflux C) A client who has atrial fibrillation D) A client with rheumatoid arthritis 12. The client calls the clinic nurse and states, ―I looked up my new prescription online and there is nothing mentioned about it being used to treat my disorder. Should I still take it?‖ What is the nurse's best response? A) ―No, it's best to hold off until I can consult with the doctor because there might have been a mistake.‖ B) ―Go ahead and take it because the doctor wouldn't order it if he or she didn't think it would be effective.‖ C) ―I'll confirm with your doctor, but it is quite common for drugs to help with a condition for which wasn't originally intended.‖ D) ―Let me talk with the physician about some possible alternatives to this medication.‖ 13. The nurse's client is prescribed a drug that has been ordered off-label, what actions should the nurse perform before administering the drug? Select all that apply. A) Research exactly why the drug is being given B) Become familiar with the possible adverse effects C) Review the results of the drug testing process D) Research other medications that may have a similar effect E) Review the therapeutic benefits that are expected 14. The nurse is teaching a group of clients how to be critical consumers of drug advertising. What should the nurse teach these clients about the way drugs are marketed? A) Adverse effects are deliberately excluded from drug advertisements. B) Broadcasters and publishers who carry drug advertisements receive a set proportion of drug profits. C) The manufacturer's primary motivation is to increase sales of the drug. D) Drug advertising is illegal, but manufacturers are willing and able to pay any resulting fines. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 3 7-2021 16:28:34 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 15. When evaluating information accessed over the Internet, what important question should the nurse encourage clients to ask? A) Is the information anecdotal? B) Does the Web site originate from the United States? C) Does this information address over-the-counter medications? D) How many clients have had input into the information? 16. Clients' access to drug information has changed the way that clients interact with nurses and other health care providers. What client best exemplifies this trend? A) A client who shares information from a research report with the health care provider. B) A client who tries to contact a drug company to see what the company's latest reports say. C) A client who challenges the health care provider with their own research. D) A client who self-prescribes OTC drugs rather than obtaining prescriptions from the health care provider. 17.A client has approached the nurse with varied and detailed questions about an emerging viral infection that was identified for the first time a few months earlier. The nurse's unfamiliarity with this infection may have what effect on the nurse–client relationship? A) The client may view the nurse as not being a credible source. B) The client may view the nurse as part of the problem rather than the solution. C) The client may demonstrate anger toward the nurse. D) The client is likely to sever contact with the nurse. 18.Today, an abundance of information is available in the health care arena for consumers, resulting in the nurse encountering clients who have a much greater use of what? A) Over-the-counter (OTC) therapies B) Alternative therapies C) Prescription drugs D) Off-label drugs 19.A client's care will be providing the home setting. Because the client will be treated in this setting, the nurse should address what topics during health education? Select all that apply. A) OTC medications that can be temporarily substituted for prescriptions B) Generic names of medications C) OTC drugs that need to be avoided D) Prevention and management of adverse effects E) Methods for calculating safe dosages This study source was downloaded by from CourseH o Pn a 0 g 5 e -1 4 7-2021 16:28:34 GMT -05:00 S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: Bestn | Distribution of this document is illegal 20.The nurse is teaching a client about some of the important considerations related to the use of alternative therapies. The nurse should include what information? Select all that apply. A) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not test or regulate active ingredients. B) The testing process for alternative therapies is slightly shorter than that of prescription drugs. C) The dosage contained in each tablet may vary greatly. D) No alternative therapy has yet been scientifically found to be effective. E) Advertising of alternative products is not as restrictive or accurate. 21.The nurse is providing teaching to a client who takes a complex regimen of herbal therapies. What education should the nurse prioritize? A) Herbs can interact with OTC and prescription drugs. B) Herbal supplements sometimes contain unknown ingredients. C) Herbal supplements are sometimes more expensive than medications. D) It is possible to overdose on herbs, even though their natural ingredients are nontoxic. 22.When clients do not understand the information provided with their