Ziekteleer
Inhoudsopgave
Aandoeningen ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Symptomen en klinische tekens...................................................................................................................... 5
Inflammatie (‘ontsteking’) .............................................................................................................................. 6
DEEL 1: Inzicht in de normale werking vh immuunsysteem ................................................................................ 6
Interacties tussen aangeboren en adaptieve immuniteit .............................................................................. 7
Communicatie tussen immuuncellen onderling en andere cellen ................................................................ 8
Ontstekingsreactie ......................................................................................................................................... 8
AANGEBOREN IMMUNITEIT........................................................................................................................... 9
ADAPTIEVE IMMUNITEIT ............................................................................................................................. 10
DEEL 2: Overactief immuunsysteem ................................................................................................................. 11
SLOKDARM/MAAG/DARM ........................................................................................................................... 12
Symptomen & klinische tekens ......................................................................................................................... 13
Ziektebeelden ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Passagestoornissen ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Bloedingen ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Peritonitis (buikvliesontsteking) .................................................................................................................. 17
Malabsorptie................................................................................................................................................ 18
Onderzoekstechnieken slokdarm ...................................................................................................................... 19
Aandoeningen SLOKDARM ............................................................................................................................... 21
Divertikel van Zenker ................................................................................................................................... 21
Reflux oesofagitis: GERD (Gastro-oesofageale reflux ziekte)....................................................................... 21
Slikstoornis ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Schimmelinfecties van de slokdarm ............................................................................................................ 23
Eosinofiele oesofagitis ................................................................................................................................. 23
Slokdarmkanker ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Achalasie ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
Onderzoekstechnieken maag ........................................................................................................................... 25
Aandoeningen MAAG ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Congenitaal pyloorstenose .......................................................................................................................... 25
Gastritis (maagontsteking)........................................................................................................................... 25
Maagzweer (ulcus) ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Maagkanker (adenocarcinoom) ................................................................................................................... 26
Aandoeningen DUNNE DARM .......................................................................................................................... 28
Divertikel van Meckel .................................................................................................................................. 29
Ziekte van Crohn (= IBD, inflammatoire darmziekte) .................................................................................. 30
Coeliakie....................................................................................................................................................... 32
Laura Tijskens |
, Onderzoekstechnieken dikke darm ................................................................................................................... 33
Aandoeningen DIKKE DARM ............................................................................................................................. 33
Ziekte van Hirschprung ................................................................................................................................ 33
Acute appendicitis ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Acute diverticulitis ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Colitis ulcerosa ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Dikkedarmkanker: Colon-/rectumkanker (adenocarcinoom) ...................................................................... 36
Chronische constipatie ................................................................................................................................ 36
Prikkelbare darmsyndroom ......................................................................................................................... 37
Aandoeningen AARS ......................................................................................................................................... 38
Anaal abces en fistel .................................................................................................................................... 38
Anale wratten .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Hemorroïden (aambeien) ............................................................................................................................ 39
Anale kloof (fissuur) ..................................................................................................................................... 39
LEVER EN GALWEGEN ................................................................................................................................... 40
Onderzoekstechnieken lever en galwegen........................................................................................................ 41
Symptomen en klinische tekens ........................................................................................................................ 42
Ziektebeelden ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Leverfalen (Leverinsufficiëntie) ................................................................................................................... 45
Bloedingen ................................................................................................................................................... 48
Passagestoornissen ...................................................................................................................................... 48
Peritonitis..................................................................................................................................................... 49
Malabsorptie................................................................................................................................................ 49
Aandoeningen LEVER ........................................................................................................................................ 50
Hereditaire hemochromatose ..................................................................................................................... 50
Virale hepatitis ............................................................................................................................................. 51
NASH: Niet-alcoholische Steatohepatitis ..................................................................................................... 52
Toxisch leverlijden ....................................................................................................................................... 53
Leverkanker ................................................................................................................................................. 54
Aandoeningen GALBLAAS en GALWEGEN ........................................................................................................ 56
Atresie van de galwegen .............................................................................................................................. 56
Stenen in galblaas en galwegen ................................................................................................................... 57
Calculeuze cholecystitis ............................................................................................................................... 58
Calculeuze cholangitis .................................................................................................................................. 58
Primair sceloreserende cholangitis (PSC) .................................................................................................... 59
Primair biliaire cholangitis (PBC) .................................................................................................................. 60
Kankers van galblaas en galwegen (Cholangiocarcinoom) .......................................................................... 61
PANCREAS .................................................................................................................................................... 62
Onderzoekstechnieken pancreas ...................................................................................................................... 62
Ziektebeelden pancreas .................................................................................................................................... 63
Aandoeningen PANCREAS................................................................................................................................. 67
Mucoviscidose (‘Cystic Fibrosis’) ................................................................................................................. 67
Acute pancreatitis ........................................................................................................................................ 68
Chronische pancreatitis ............................................................................................................................... 69
Laura Tijskens |
, Pancreaskanker ............................................................................................................................................ 70
LONGEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 72
Anatomie en fysiologie ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Onderzoekstechnieken longen .......................................................................................................................... 74
Symptomen ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
Ziektebeelden ................................................................................................................................................... 76
Respiratoir falen (Respiratoire insufficiëntie) .............................................................................................. 76
Obstructief longlijden .................................................................................................................................. 78
Restrictief longlijden .................................................................................................................................... 80
Pulmonale hypertensie ................................................................................................................................ 80
Aandoeningen longen ....................................................................................................................................... 82
Mucoviscidose (cystic fibrosis)..................................................................................................................... 82
Alfa-1-antitrypsine tekort ............................................................................................................................ 83
Pneumonie (pneumonitis, longontsteking) ................................................................................................. 83
Longkanker .................................................................................................................................................. 85
Longembolie ................................................................................................................................................ 86
Kanker .......................................................................................................................................................... 88
TYPES kanker .................................................................................................................................................... 90
Symptomen ....................................................................................................................................................... 91
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................................... 95
Staging ......................................................................................................................................................... 96
Oorzaken........................................................................................................................................................... 97
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................... 98
Primaire preventie ....................................................................................................................................... 98
Secundaire preventie ................................................................................................................................... 98
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................... 100
Chemotherapie .......................................................................................................................................... 100
Hormonale therapie................................................................................................................................... 102
Gerichte therapie ....................................................................................................................................... 102
Gerichte therapie ....................................................................................................................................... 103
Immuuntherapie ........................................................................................................................................ 103
Heelkunde .................................................................................................................................................. 106
Radiotherapie ............................................................................................................................................ 107
Hematologie ............................................................................................................................................... 108
Bloed ............................................................................................................................................................... 108
Immuunsysteem ............................................................................................................................................. 111
Immuunsysteem: Lymfoïde organen ......................................................................................................... 111
Immuunsysteem: cellen ............................................................................................................................. 112
Bloedafwijkingen ............................................................................................................................................ 115
Cardiologie ................................................................................................................................................. 119
Laura Tijskens |
, Hart ................................................................................................................................................................. 119
Hart & Symptomen ......................................................................................................................................... 123
Hartziekten ..................................................................................................................................................... 124
Nefrologie .................................................................................................................................................. 130
Nefron ............................................................................................................................................................. 131
Onderzoek nierziekten .................................................................................................................................... 134
Nierziekten ...................................................................................................................................................... 135
Laura Tijskens |
Inhoudsopgave
Aandoeningen ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Symptomen en klinische tekens...................................................................................................................... 5
Inflammatie (‘ontsteking’) .............................................................................................................................. 6
DEEL 1: Inzicht in de normale werking vh immuunsysteem ................................................................................ 6
Interacties tussen aangeboren en adaptieve immuniteit .............................................................................. 7
Communicatie tussen immuuncellen onderling en andere cellen ................................................................ 8
Ontstekingsreactie ......................................................................................................................................... 8
AANGEBOREN IMMUNITEIT........................................................................................................................... 9
ADAPTIEVE IMMUNITEIT ............................................................................................................................. 10
DEEL 2: Overactief immuunsysteem ................................................................................................................. 11
SLOKDARM/MAAG/DARM ........................................................................................................................... 12
Symptomen & klinische tekens ......................................................................................................................... 13
Ziektebeelden ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Passagestoornissen ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Bloedingen ................................................................................................................................................... 16
Peritonitis (buikvliesontsteking) .................................................................................................................. 17
Malabsorptie................................................................................................................................................ 18
Onderzoekstechnieken slokdarm ...................................................................................................................... 19
Aandoeningen SLOKDARM ............................................................................................................................... 21
Divertikel van Zenker ................................................................................................................................... 21
Reflux oesofagitis: GERD (Gastro-oesofageale reflux ziekte)....................................................................... 21
Slikstoornis ................................................................................................................................................... 23
Schimmelinfecties van de slokdarm ............................................................................................................ 23
Eosinofiele oesofagitis ................................................................................................................................. 23
Slokdarmkanker ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Achalasie ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
Onderzoekstechnieken maag ........................................................................................................................... 25
Aandoeningen MAAG ....................................................................................................................................... 25
Congenitaal pyloorstenose .......................................................................................................................... 25
Gastritis (maagontsteking)........................................................................................................................... 25
Maagzweer (ulcus) ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Maagkanker (adenocarcinoom) ................................................................................................................... 26
Aandoeningen DUNNE DARM .......................................................................................................................... 28
Divertikel van Meckel .................................................................................................................................. 29
Ziekte van Crohn (= IBD, inflammatoire darmziekte) .................................................................................. 30
Coeliakie....................................................................................................................................................... 32
Laura Tijskens |
, Onderzoekstechnieken dikke darm ................................................................................................................... 33
Aandoeningen DIKKE DARM ............................................................................................................................. 33
Ziekte van Hirschprung ................................................................................................................................ 33
Acute appendicitis ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Acute diverticulitis ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Colitis ulcerosa ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Dikkedarmkanker: Colon-/rectumkanker (adenocarcinoom) ...................................................................... 36
Chronische constipatie ................................................................................................................................ 36
Prikkelbare darmsyndroom ......................................................................................................................... 37
Aandoeningen AARS ......................................................................................................................................... 38
Anaal abces en fistel .................................................................................................................................... 38
Anale wratten .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Hemorroïden (aambeien) ............................................................................................................................ 39
Anale kloof (fissuur) ..................................................................................................................................... 39
LEVER EN GALWEGEN ................................................................................................................................... 40
Onderzoekstechnieken lever en galwegen........................................................................................................ 41
Symptomen en klinische tekens ........................................................................................................................ 42
Ziektebeelden ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Leverfalen (Leverinsufficiëntie) ................................................................................................................... 45
Bloedingen ................................................................................................................................................... 48
Passagestoornissen ...................................................................................................................................... 48
Peritonitis..................................................................................................................................................... 49
Malabsorptie................................................................................................................................................ 49
Aandoeningen LEVER ........................................................................................................................................ 50
Hereditaire hemochromatose ..................................................................................................................... 50
Virale hepatitis ............................................................................................................................................. 51
NASH: Niet-alcoholische Steatohepatitis ..................................................................................................... 52
Toxisch leverlijden ....................................................................................................................................... 53
Leverkanker ................................................................................................................................................. 54
Aandoeningen GALBLAAS en GALWEGEN ........................................................................................................ 56
Atresie van de galwegen .............................................................................................................................. 56
Stenen in galblaas en galwegen ................................................................................................................... 57
Calculeuze cholecystitis ............................................................................................................................... 58
Calculeuze cholangitis .................................................................................................................................. 58
Primair sceloreserende cholangitis (PSC) .................................................................................................... 59
Primair biliaire cholangitis (PBC) .................................................................................................................. 60
Kankers van galblaas en galwegen (Cholangiocarcinoom) .......................................................................... 61
PANCREAS .................................................................................................................................................... 62
Onderzoekstechnieken pancreas ...................................................................................................................... 62
Ziektebeelden pancreas .................................................................................................................................... 63
Aandoeningen PANCREAS................................................................................................................................. 67
Mucoviscidose (‘Cystic Fibrosis’) ................................................................................................................. 67
Acute pancreatitis ........................................................................................................................................ 68
Chronische pancreatitis ............................................................................................................................... 69
Laura Tijskens |
, Pancreaskanker ............................................................................................................................................ 70
LONGEN ....................................................................................................................................................... 72
Anatomie en fysiologie ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Onderzoekstechnieken longen .......................................................................................................................... 74
Symptomen ....................................................................................................................................................... 75
Ziektebeelden ................................................................................................................................................... 76
Respiratoir falen (Respiratoire insufficiëntie) .............................................................................................. 76
Obstructief longlijden .................................................................................................................................. 78
Restrictief longlijden .................................................................................................................................... 80
Pulmonale hypertensie ................................................................................................................................ 80
Aandoeningen longen ....................................................................................................................................... 82
Mucoviscidose (cystic fibrosis)..................................................................................................................... 82
Alfa-1-antitrypsine tekort ............................................................................................................................ 83
Pneumonie (pneumonitis, longontsteking) ................................................................................................. 83
Longkanker .................................................................................................................................................. 85
Longembolie ................................................................................................................................................ 86
Kanker .......................................................................................................................................................... 88
TYPES kanker .................................................................................................................................................... 90
Symptomen ....................................................................................................................................................... 91
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................................... 95
Staging ......................................................................................................................................................... 96
Oorzaken........................................................................................................................................................... 97
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................... 98
Primaire preventie ....................................................................................................................................... 98
Secundaire preventie ................................................................................................................................... 98
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................... 100
Chemotherapie .......................................................................................................................................... 100
Hormonale therapie................................................................................................................................... 102
Gerichte therapie ....................................................................................................................................... 102
Gerichte therapie ....................................................................................................................................... 103
Immuuntherapie ........................................................................................................................................ 103
Heelkunde .................................................................................................................................................. 106
Radiotherapie ............................................................................................................................................ 107
Hematologie ............................................................................................................................................... 108
Bloed ............................................................................................................................................................... 108
Immuunsysteem ............................................................................................................................................. 111
Immuunsysteem: Lymfoïde organen ......................................................................................................... 111
Immuunsysteem: cellen ............................................................................................................................. 112
Bloedafwijkingen ............................................................................................................................................ 115
Cardiologie ................................................................................................................................................. 119
Laura Tijskens |
, Hart ................................................................................................................................................................. 119
Hart & Symptomen ......................................................................................................................................... 123
Hartziekten ..................................................................................................................................................... 124
Nefrologie .................................................................................................................................................. 130
Nefron ............................................................................................................................................................. 131
Onderzoek nierziekten .................................................................................................................................... 134
Nierziekten ...................................................................................................................................................... 135
Laura Tijskens |
