Environmental Management and Industry
ENP 20806
Wageningen University
Lectures and Tutorials
Lernzusammenfassung
Anneli Janzer
,Content
Lecture 1 – Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
Environmental Regulation of Industry ........................................................................................................ 1
The emergence of environmental management, some worldwide highlights ........................................ 1
2.1 Dutch highlights........................................................................................................................................ 2
Key Concepts ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Why do companies engage in environmental management? .................................................................... 3
4.1 Why did companies engage in EM? (% Dutch Survey 1992) ............................................................ 3
4.2 Changing relation between government and industry (general trend) ............................................. 3
4.3 Firm motivations and corresponding initiatives according to Bansal&Roth (2000)...................... 4
General trends in environmental management ........................................................................................... 4
A 4-stage Model of Environmental Management ...................................................................................... 5
Article Assignment 1 – Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................... 6
Highlights .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Questions .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Lecture 2 – Pollution Prevention ....................................................................................................... 8
Waste and emission prevention (or pollution prevention, P2)= ............................................................. 8
Pollution prevention hierarchy ...................................................................................................................... 8
Examples of environmental measures.......................................................................................................... 8
Assessment(s) of production process(es)...................................................................................................10
4.1 Example: Campina, a dairy industry Assessment ..............................................................................11
4.1.1 Process flow diagram ....................................................................................................................11
4.1.2 Collection of Data .........................................................................................................................11
4.1.3 Selecting activities and streams, generating options .................................................................11
4.1.1 Feasibility analysis ..........................................................................................................................11
Economic Evaluation: costs and benefits..................................................................................................12
5.1 Measuring profitability ...........................................................................................................................12
Motives for doing P2 projects .....................................................................................................................12
Tutorial 1 – The 4-Stage Model ....................................................................................................... 13
Policy statements.....................................................................................................................................................13
Lecture 3 – Environmental Management Systems ......................................................................... 14
Terms and Definitions ..................................................................................................................................14
Why develop an EMS?..................................................................................................................................14
2.1 Internal Motives ......................................................................................................................................14
2.2 External Motives .....................................................................................................................................14
2.2.1 Government perspective ..............................................................................................................14
2.2.2 Company perspective ....................................................................................................................14
Environmental Management Systems ........................................................................................................15
3.1 EMS according to ISO 14001 (and 14004).........................................................................................15
3.2 The system of certification for ISO 9001 or 14001 ..........................................................................16
3.3 ISO 14001 in debate ...............................................................................................................................16
3.4 ISO 26000 ................................................................................................................................................17
The Plan-Do-Check-Acts cycle and the EMS elements ..........................................................................17
A simple model of management: 3 levels of direction ............................................................................18
EMS development .........................................................................................................................................18
6.1 EMS development: top-down or bottom-up? ...................................................................................18
7 A typical Environmental Policy Statement ................................................................................................19
7.1 Example: metal works/oil seperator....................................................................................................19
7.2 A procedure and an instruction ............................................................................................................19
7.3 EMS implementation, the case of ABB ..............................................................................................20
8 (Dis)Advantages of implementing an EMS...............................................................................................21
Article Assignment 2 – Continual Improvement............................................................................. 22
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................22
,Tutorial 2 – Developing Environmental Indicators ........................................................................ 23
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................23
1.1 Questions .................................................................................................................................................23
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................24
2.1 Environmental Indicators......................................................................................................................24
2.2 Kind of indicators ...................................................................................................................................24
2.3 Development of EPIs ............................................................................................................................25
2.4 Aims of EPIs ...........................................................................................................................................25
2.5 Using indicators for internal communication and learning..............................................................25
3 Assignment 1 ..................................................................................................................................................26
3.1 Reducing water for cleaning ..................................................................................................................26
3.2 Reducing noise complaints ....................................................................................................................27
3.3 Avoiding spills and broken bottles.......................................................................................................27
4 Assignment 2 ..................................................................................................................................................27
Lecture 4 – Social dynamics of Organizations (Organization theory) ............................................ 28
Mintzberg’s 5 Ps.............................................................................................................................................28
A 4-stage model of environmental strategies ............................................................................................28
1.2 Aspects of the model..............................................................................................................................28
1.3 The four-stage model for the development of environmental strategies ......................................28
1.3.1 Crucial to strategies: a common purpose or set of goals .........................................................29
Organizational theory....................................................................................................................................29
3.1 Models of co-ordination ........................................................................................................................29
3.2 Mintzberg’s model of organizations ....................................................................................................29
3.3 Mintzberg: entrepreneurial organization .............................................................................................30
3.4 Mintzberg: machine organization .........................................................................................................30
3.5 Mintzberg: professional organization ..................................................................................................30
Test questions.................................................................................................................................................31
Learning...........................................................................................................................................................31
5.1 Single and Double loop learning ..........................................................................................................31
5.2 Organizational learning ..........................................................................................................................32
5.2.1 Learning in organizations .............................................................................................................32
Learning organization -Peter Senge ............................................................................................................32
Lecture 5 – Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................................... 35
Developing CSR strategies ...........................................................................................................................35
1.1 Strategic Implications .............................................................................................................................35
Evaluating CSR Strategies ............................................................................................................................36
2.1 Defensive vs pro-active CSR ................................................................................................................36
2.2 Stages of CSR ..........................................................................................................................................36
2.3 Advanced (ideal) CSR strategy? ............................................................................................................37
3 CSR; An institutional perspective ...............................................................................................................38
3.1 An institutional perspective ...................................................................................................................38
4 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................38
Article Assignment 3 – Learning about Corporate Social Responsibility ....................................... 39
Highlights: .......................................................................................................................................................39
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................39
Tutorial 3 – Corporate Social Responsibility .................................................................................. 41
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................41
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................41
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................41
Lecture 6 – Supply Chain Networks and Ecolabeling .................................................................... 43
Supply chains and Management ..................................................................................................................43
Supply chain networks and management...................................................................................................44
2.1 Food Supply Networks ..........................................................................................................................44
, 2.2 Supply chain mangement .......................................................................................................................44
Sustainable procurement ..............................................................................................................................44
Ecolabels .........................................................................................................................................................46
Transparency and Power ..............................................................................................................................47
Lecture 7 – Life Cycle (Sustainability) Assessment ........................................................................ 48
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment ..........................................................................................................48
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ......................................................................................................................48
2.1 Phase 1: Goal and scope definition......................................................................................................49
2.2 Phase 2: Inventory Analysis ..................................................................................................................49
2.3 Phase 3: Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................50
2.4 Phase 4: Interpretation ...........................................................................................................................50
Critique ............................................................................................................................................................51
Social Life Cycle Assessment .......................................................................................................................51
Life cycle costing............................................................................................................................................53
Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis ................................................................................................................53
Tutorial 4 - Supply Chain Management, Eco-labelling and LCA, Organic food ........................... 55
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................55
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................57
Table, Groupwork results.............................................................................................................................59
Lecture 8 – Industrial Ecosystem perspectives............................................................................... 60
Cradle to Cradle (C2C) .................................................................................................................................60
1 Industrial ecology...........................................................................................................................................61
2 Industrial symbiosis .......................................................................................................................................61
3 Dematerialization ...........................................................................................................................................62
Lecture 9 – Circular Economy ........................................................................................................ 64
Why we need it ...............................................................................................................................................64
Challenges .......................................................................................................................................................67
Circular economy typology ..........................................................................................................................68
Tutorial 5 – Circular Economy in Practice ..................................................................................... 69
Tutorial preparation ......................................................................................................................................69
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................70
2.1 Product life cycle flow chart for mud jeans ........................................................................................71
2.2 Circularity discourse typology ...............................................................................................................71
Lecture 10 – Industrial transformation: ecological Modernization ................................................. 72
Ecological Modernization theory ................................................................................................................72
1.1 Core features ............................................................................................................................................73
2 Networks .........................................................................................................................................................74
3 Single Use Plastic and EPR in Indonesia ...................................................................................................75
4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................76
ENP 20806
Wageningen University
Lectures and Tutorials
Lernzusammenfassung
Anneli Janzer
,Content
Lecture 1 – Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
Environmental Regulation of Industry ........................................................................................................ 1
The emergence of environmental management, some worldwide highlights ........................................ 1
2.1 Dutch highlights........................................................................................................................................ 2
Key Concepts ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Why do companies engage in environmental management? .................................................................... 3
4.1 Why did companies engage in EM? (% Dutch Survey 1992) ............................................................ 3
4.2 Changing relation between government and industry (general trend) ............................................. 3
4.3 Firm motivations and corresponding initiatives according to Bansal&Roth (2000)...................... 4
General trends in environmental management ........................................................................................... 4
A 4-stage Model of Environmental Management ...................................................................................... 5
Article Assignment 1 – Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................... 6
Highlights .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Questions .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Lecture 2 – Pollution Prevention ....................................................................................................... 8
Waste and emission prevention (or pollution prevention, P2)= ............................................................. 8
Pollution prevention hierarchy ...................................................................................................................... 8
Examples of environmental measures.......................................................................................................... 8
Assessment(s) of production process(es)...................................................................................................10
4.1 Example: Campina, a dairy industry Assessment ..............................................................................11
4.1.1 Process flow diagram ....................................................................................................................11
4.1.2 Collection of Data .........................................................................................................................11
4.1.3 Selecting activities and streams, generating options .................................................................11
4.1.1 Feasibility analysis ..........................................................................................................................11
Economic Evaluation: costs and benefits..................................................................................................12
5.1 Measuring profitability ...........................................................................................................................12
Motives for doing P2 projects .....................................................................................................................12
Tutorial 1 – The 4-Stage Model ....................................................................................................... 13
Policy statements.....................................................................................................................................................13
Lecture 3 – Environmental Management Systems ......................................................................... 14
Terms and Definitions ..................................................................................................................................14
Why develop an EMS?..................................................................................................................................14
2.1 Internal Motives ......................................................................................................................................14
2.2 External Motives .....................................................................................................................................14
2.2.1 Government perspective ..............................................................................................................14
2.2.2 Company perspective ....................................................................................................................14
Environmental Management Systems ........................................................................................................15
3.1 EMS according to ISO 14001 (and 14004).........................................................................................15
3.2 The system of certification for ISO 9001 or 14001 ..........................................................................16
3.3 ISO 14001 in debate ...............................................................................................................................16
3.4 ISO 26000 ................................................................................................................................................17
The Plan-Do-Check-Acts cycle and the EMS elements ..........................................................................17
A simple model of management: 3 levels of direction ............................................................................18
EMS development .........................................................................................................................................18
6.1 EMS development: top-down or bottom-up? ...................................................................................18
7 A typical Environmental Policy Statement ................................................................................................19
7.1 Example: metal works/oil seperator....................................................................................................19
7.2 A procedure and an instruction ............................................................................................................19
7.3 EMS implementation, the case of ABB ..............................................................................................20
8 (Dis)Advantages of implementing an EMS...............................................................................................21
Article Assignment 2 – Continual Improvement............................................................................. 22
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................22
,Tutorial 2 – Developing Environmental Indicators ........................................................................ 23
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................23
1.1 Questions .................................................................................................................................................23
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................24
2.1 Environmental Indicators......................................................................................................................24
2.2 Kind of indicators ...................................................................................................................................24
2.3 Development of EPIs ............................................................................................................................25
2.4 Aims of EPIs ...........................................................................................................................................25
2.5 Using indicators for internal communication and learning..............................................................25
3 Assignment 1 ..................................................................................................................................................26
3.1 Reducing water for cleaning ..................................................................................................................26
3.2 Reducing noise complaints ....................................................................................................................27
3.3 Avoiding spills and broken bottles.......................................................................................................27
4 Assignment 2 ..................................................................................................................................................27
Lecture 4 – Social dynamics of Organizations (Organization theory) ............................................ 28
Mintzberg’s 5 Ps.............................................................................................................................................28
A 4-stage model of environmental strategies ............................................................................................28
1.2 Aspects of the model..............................................................................................................................28
1.3 The four-stage model for the development of environmental strategies ......................................28
1.3.1 Crucial to strategies: a common purpose or set of goals .........................................................29
Organizational theory....................................................................................................................................29
3.1 Models of co-ordination ........................................................................................................................29
3.2 Mintzberg’s model of organizations ....................................................................................................29
3.3 Mintzberg: entrepreneurial organization .............................................................................................30
3.4 Mintzberg: machine organization .........................................................................................................30
3.5 Mintzberg: professional organization ..................................................................................................30
Test questions.................................................................................................................................................31
Learning...........................................................................................................................................................31
5.1 Single and Double loop learning ..........................................................................................................31
5.2 Organizational learning ..........................................................................................................................32
5.2.1 Learning in organizations .............................................................................................................32
Learning organization -Peter Senge ............................................................................................................32
Lecture 5 – Corporate Social Responsibility ................................................................................... 35
Developing CSR strategies ...........................................................................................................................35
1.1 Strategic Implications .............................................................................................................................35
Evaluating CSR Strategies ............................................................................................................................36
2.1 Defensive vs pro-active CSR ................................................................................................................36
2.2 Stages of CSR ..........................................................................................................................................36
2.3 Advanced (ideal) CSR strategy? ............................................................................................................37
3 CSR; An institutional perspective ...............................................................................................................38
3.1 An institutional perspective ...................................................................................................................38
4 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................38
Article Assignment 3 – Learning about Corporate Social Responsibility ....................................... 39
Highlights: .......................................................................................................................................................39
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................39
Tutorial 3 – Corporate Social Responsibility .................................................................................. 41
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................41
Questions ........................................................................................................................................................41
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................41
Lecture 6 – Supply Chain Networks and Ecolabeling .................................................................... 43
Supply chains and Management ..................................................................................................................43
Supply chain networks and management...................................................................................................44
2.1 Food Supply Networks ..........................................................................................................................44
, 2.2 Supply chain mangement .......................................................................................................................44
Sustainable procurement ..............................................................................................................................44
Ecolabels .........................................................................................................................................................46
Transparency and Power ..............................................................................................................................47
Lecture 7 – Life Cycle (Sustainability) Assessment ........................................................................ 48
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment ..........................................................................................................48
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ......................................................................................................................48
2.1 Phase 1: Goal and scope definition......................................................................................................49
2.2 Phase 2: Inventory Analysis ..................................................................................................................49
2.3 Phase 3: Impact Assessment .................................................................................................................50
2.4 Phase 4: Interpretation ...........................................................................................................................50
Critique ............................................................................................................................................................51
Social Life Cycle Assessment .......................................................................................................................51
Life cycle costing............................................................................................................................................53
Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis ................................................................................................................53
Tutorial 4 - Supply Chain Management, Eco-labelling and LCA, Organic food ........................... 55
Tutorial Preparation ......................................................................................................................................55
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................57
Table, Groupwork results.............................................................................................................................59
Lecture 8 – Industrial Ecosystem perspectives............................................................................... 60
Cradle to Cradle (C2C) .................................................................................................................................60
1 Industrial ecology...........................................................................................................................................61
2 Industrial symbiosis .......................................................................................................................................61
3 Dematerialization ...........................................................................................................................................62
Lecture 9 – Circular Economy ........................................................................................................ 64
Why we need it ...............................................................................................................................................64
Challenges .......................................................................................................................................................67
Circular economy typology ..........................................................................................................................68
Tutorial 5 – Circular Economy in Practice ..................................................................................... 69
Tutorial preparation ......................................................................................................................................69
Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................................70
2.1 Product life cycle flow chart for mud jeans ........................................................................................71
2.2 Circularity discourse typology ...............................................................................................................71
Lecture 10 – Industrial transformation: ecological Modernization ................................................. 72
Ecological Modernization theory ................................................................................................................72
1.1 Core features ............................................................................................................................................73
2 Networks .........................................................................................................................................................74
3 Single Use Plastic and EPR in Indonesia ...................................................................................................75
4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................76
