8 oktober 2021 Samenvatting
Business, Sustainability &
Innovations
Tobias Horsman
,Inhoud
1. Lecture 1: Business & sustainability.......................................................................................................................3
1.1 Zadek S. (2007). The Path to Corporate Responsibility....................................................................................4
1.2 Jesus, A. et al. (2017) – Eco-Innovations..........................................................................................................7
1.3 Rashid, A., Roci, M., & Farazee, M.A. (2020) Handbook of circular economy................................................10
1.3.1 Defining Circular Manufacturing Systems...............................................................................................10
1.3.2 FRAMEWORK FOR CIRCULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS.....................................................................10
2 Lecture 2: Organisational innovations...................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Business model categories......................................................................................................................13
2.2 (Schaltegger et al., 2012) Different degree of business model innovation.....................................................15
2.3 Lüdeke-Freund (2010)....................................................................................................................................16
1. Repair and Mainten vance Business Model......................................................................................................17
2. Reuse and Redistribution Business Models......................................................................................................18
3. Refurbish and Remanufacture Business Models..............................................................................................19
4. Recycling Business Models...............................................................................................................................20
5. Cascading and Repurposing Business Models..................................................................................................21
6. Organic Feedstock Business Models..................................................................................................................0
2.3.1 Design strategies.......................................................................................................................................2
3 Lecture 3: Process innovations................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Value retention:...............................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Article: The circular economy; The new CE or Refurbished as 3.0 (Reike)........................................................8
3.2.1 The Circular Economy as a Refurbished Concept......................................................................................8
3.2.2 Value Retention Options...........................................................................................................................9
4 Lecture 4: Product innovations.............................................................................................................................11
4.1 Design.............................................................................................................................................................11
4.2 Circular Design (Ceschinand Gaziulusoy, 2016)..............................................................................................12
4.3 Article Bocken et al. (2016: 309) Product design and business model strategies for circular economy.........14
4.3.1 Circular business model strategies..........................................................................................................16
5 Lecture 5: Marketing innovations.........................................................................................................................18
5.1.1 Marketing & sustainability......................................................................................................................18
5.2 Kemper & Ballentine (What do we mean with sustainability marketing).......................................................18
5.2.1 What works? Marketing approaches for a circular economy..................................................................20
5.3 Chamber and bocks (2018) marketing approaches for circular economy......................................................21
, 1. LECTURE 1: BUSINESS & SUSTAINABILITY
A Business Enterprise (or company / firm) is:
- A profit seeking organization.
- Provides goods/services designed to satisfy customers’ needs.
- Transforms lower-value inputs into higher-valuer outputs (added value) The value chain depicts al the
activities a company engages in while doing business
Shareholder Theory:
- The only responsibility of managers is to serve in the best possible way the interests of the shareholders
who often only seek profit.
- Corporate responsibility is defined in purely economic profit-making terms
Stakeholder Theory:
- Other parties are involved besided only the stakeholders that want profit.
- Governmental bodies, trade unions, communities, financiers, suppliers, employees and customers.
- Competitors may sometimes be stakeholders
Stakeholders are all those who can affect, or affected by, the achievement of organizational objectives Actors
that form the business environment:
- Primary Stakeholders: Direct control of essential means of support
required by the organization.
- Secondary Stakeholders: Do not directly provide any essential means
of support for the organization but still have influence.
- Latent Stakeholders: Stakeholders that are not known to the
management but do exists (invisible)
- Overt Stakeholders: Stakeholders that are known to the management
(visible).
- Interested parties: Interested in organizational activities but no ability
to take action if their needs are not met.
What can Stakeholders expect from corporate’s sustainability?
Stakeholders’ expectations about the environment can affect business. They can present both threats (e.g.
rejection of environmentally harmful products) and opportunities that arise from customer preferences for
environmentally friendly goods (new market opportunities, investments etc.)
, 1.1 ZADEK S. (2007). THE PATH TO CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
Organizational learning:
Organizations’ learning pathways are complex and iterative. Nevertheless, as they move along the learning curve,
companies almost invariably go through the following five stages.
It’s not our job to fix that
- Defensive; The company is faced with often unexpected criticism, usually from civil activists and the
media but sometimes from direct stakeholders such as customers, employees, and investors.
The company’s responses are designed and implemented by legal and communications teams and tend
to involve either outright rejections of allegations (“It didn’t happen”) or denials of the links between the
company’s practices and the alleged negative outcomes (“It wasn’t our fault”)
“We’ll do just as much as we have to”
- Compliance. It’s clear that a corporate policy must be established and observed, usually in ways that can
be made visible to critics.
Compliance is understood as a cost of doing business; it creates value by protecting the company’s
reputation and reducing the risk of litigation.
It’s the business, stupid”
Business, Sustainability &
Innovations
Tobias Horsman
,Inhoud
1. Lecture 1: Business & sustainability.......................................................................................................................3
1.1 Zadek S. (2007). The Path to Corporate Responsibility....................................................................................4
1.2 Jesus, A. et al. (2017) – Eco-Innovations..........................................................................................................7
1.3 Rashid, A., Roci, M., & Farazee, M.A. (2020) Handbook of circular economy................................................10
1.3.1 Defining Circular Manufacturing Systems...............................................................................................10
1.3.2 FRAMEWORK FOR CIRCULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS.....................................................................10
2 Lecture 2: Organisational innovations...................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Business model categories......................................................................................................................13
2.2 (Schaltegger et al., 2012) Different degree of business model innovation.....................................................15
2.3 Lüdeke-Freund (2010)....................................................................................................................................16
1. Repair and Mainten vance Business Model......................................................................................................17
2. Reuse and Redistribution Business Models......................................................................................................18
3. Refurbish and Remanufacture Business Models..............................................................................................19
4. Recycling Business Models...............................................................................................................................20
5. Cascading and Repurposing Business Models..................................................................................................21
6. Organic Feedstock Business Models..................................................................................................................0
2.3.1 Design strategies.......................................................................................................................................2
3 Lecture 3: Process innovations................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Value retention:...............................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Article: The circular economy; The new CE or Refurbished as 3.0 (Reike)........................................................8
3.2.1 The Circular Economy as a Refurbished Concept......................................................................................8
3.2.2 Value Retention Options...........................................................................................................................9
4 Lecture 4: Product innovations.............................................................................................................................11
4.1 Design.............................................................................................................................................................11
4.2 Circular Design (Ceschinand Gaziulusoy, 2016)..............................................................................................12
4.3 Article Bocken et al. (2016: 309) Product design and business model strategies for circular economy.........14
4.3.1 Circular business model strategies..........................................................................................................16
5 Lecture 5: Marketing innovations.........................................................................................................................18
5.1.1 Marketing & sustainability......................................................................................................................18
5.2 Kemper & Ballentine (What do we mean with sustainability marketing).......................................................18
5.2.1 What works? Marketing approaches for a circular economy..................................................................20
5.3 Chamber and bocks (2018) marketing approaches for circular economy......................................................21
, 1. LECTURE 1: BUSINESS & SUSTAINABILITY
A Business Enterprise (or company / firm) is:
- A profit seeking organization.
- Provides goods/services designed to satisfy customers’ needs.
- Transforms lower-value inputs into higher-valuer outputs (added value) The value chain depicts al the
activities a company engages in while doing business
Shareholder Theory:
- The only responsibility of managers is to serve in the best possible way the interests of the shareholders
who often only seek profit.
- Corporate responsibility is defined in purely economic profit-making terms
Stakeholder Theory:
- Other parties are involved besided only the stakeholders that want profit.
- Governmental bodies, trade unions, communities, financiers, suppliers, employees and customers.
- Competitors may sometimes be stakeholders
Stakeholders are all those who can affect, or affected by, the achievement of organizational objectives Actors
that form the business environment:
- Primary Stakeholders: Direct control of essential means of support
required by the organization.
- Secondary Stakeholders: Do not directly provide any essential means
of support for the organization but still have influence.
- Latent Stakeholders: Stakeholders that are not known to the
management but do exists (invisible)
- Overt Stakeholders: Stakeholders that are known to the management
(visible).
- Interested parties: Interested in organizational activities but no ability
to take action if their needs are not met.
What can Stakeholders expect from corporate’s sustainability?
Stakeholders’ expectations about the environment can affect business. They can present both threats (e.g.
rejection of environmentally harmful products) and opportunities that arise from customer preferences for
environmentally friendly goods (new market opportunities, investments etc.)
, 1.1 ZADEK S. (2007). THE PATH TO CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
Organizational learning:
Organizations’ learning pathways are complex and iterative. Nevertheless, as they move along the learning curve,
companies almost invariably go through the following five stages.
It’s not our job to fix that
- Defensive; The company is faced with often unexpected criticism, usually from civil activists and the
media but sometimes from direct stakeholders such as customers, employees, and investors.
The company’s responses are designed and implemented by legal and communications teams and tend
to involve either outright rejections of allegations (“It didn’t happen”) or denials of the links between the
company’s practices and the alleged negative outcomes (“It wasn’t our fault”)
“We’ll do just as much as we have to”
- Compliance. It’s clear that a corporate policy must be established and observed, usually in ways that can
be made visible to critics.
Compliance is understood as a cost of doing business; it creates value by protecting the company’s
reputation and reducing the risk of litigation.
It’s the business, stupid”
