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samenvatting celfysiologie

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een samenvatting van alle leerstof celfysiologie. Door dit document te leren haalde ik in eerste zit een 15/20.

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Uploaded on
October 8, 2021
Number of pages
43
Written in
2020/2021
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HOOFDSTUK 1: TRANSPORT


VLOEISTOFCOMPARTIMENTEN




Tussen cellen




Holtes




BEWEGING VAN MOLECULEN DOORHEEN MEMBRAAN

Homeostase: H2O en ionen bewegen in een richting afhankelijk van

1) Concentratiegradiënt (Gc)
Co > Ci => Gc < 0 => influx -
2) Membraanpotentiaal (Gm)
Vm < 0 => positieve ionen influx +

Energetisch:




DRIJVENDE KRACHT



-> concentratiegradiënt & spanning

, DK > 0 DK < 0 DK = 0
Efflux kationen Influx kationen G=0
Influx anionen Efflux anionen Geen influx of efflux
Positieve stroom Negatieve stroom
Uitwaartse stroom Inwaartse stroom


Ion Ci (mM) Co (mM) Ex DK
Na 15 145 +60 -120
K 120 4,5 -90 +30
Ca 10^-4 1,2 +125 -185
Cl 20 116 -50 -15


GRADIËNTEN OPBOUWEN = ATP-ASES

• Na/K
• Ca
• H/K




GRADIENTEN VERBRUIKEN = GEFACILITEERDE DIFFUSIE

1. Kanalen (schakelmechanisme)
• Continue/snelle stroom bepaald door signaal
→ Connexines: 2 cytosolen verbinden (gap junctions)
Elektrische schakel tussen cellen Porieloop
Vb: hartspier
Spanningssensor
→ Spanning geschakelde kationkanalen
Vb: K kanaal -> aan buitenkant
Vb: H kanaal
→ ENaC: epitheelcellen, zoutreabsorptie
→ Ligand geschakelde kanalen
Door ATP: trimeren
Door glutamaat: tetrameren
→ Chloridekanalen
Vb: CFTR => mucoviscidose
Vb: ClC (dimeer) => spiercontractie
Vb: CaCC => geur
→ Ca-release kanalen
Vb: IP3 geactiveerd => spiercontractie
Vb: Ryanodine receptor (tetrameer) => spiercontractie
→ Store-operated kanalen = Orai (Ca, hexameer)
=> opent door STIM => Ca van ER naar cytoplasma
2. Poriën
→ Aquaporines: weefsel + reabsorptie nieren
• Perforines: aanmaak door cytotoxische T cel => naburige cellen doden

,3. Trasporters (SLC superfamilie, conformatieverandering)
• Doorgeefluik
• Trage stroom
→ Uniporters
→ Co-transporters
Vb: Na/glucose
→ Antiporters = exchangers = uitwisselaars
Vb: Cl/HCO3
Vb: NDCBE = Na gedreven Cl/HCO3

, HOOFDSTUK 2: HOMEOSTASE


PH-HOMEOSTASE

DK < 0 => H influx




1) In vivo pH regulatie
→ Injectie 14 mmol HCl/ liter lichaamsvocht
→ pHo = 7,44 -> 7,14
→ Ho = 36nM -> 72nM
→ Verandering tot 10 nmol kunnen we detecteren
Belang: ladingen eiwitten
→ Eiwitstabiliteit
→ Enzymatische activiteit
→ Eiwit-eiwit interacties
2) Sterke en zwakker zuren en basen
SZ/SB => volledige dissociatie in H2O
ZZ + GB => evenwicht in H2O
-> ligging afh v K & pH
-> [ZZ] = [GB] => pH = pK
Als de pH = pKa => evenveel zure als basische AZ vorm
3) Fysiologische effecten
Zuur op wonde => ASICs in neuronen open => inwaartse stroom => depol
pH daalt => O2 bindt minder op Hb => capaciteit daalt => O2 nood

lysosoom: lage pH => stoffen afbreken
endosoom: lage pH => stoffen afbreken vb: LDL
4) pH-buffers
= ZZ + GB
→ toevoegen SZ
→ toevoegen SB
buffercapaciteit = hoeveel pH verandert per toegevoegd SZ/SB
→ Beta hoger => pH stabieler
→ Bloed: beta = 80mM/pH eenheid



pH = pKa => in beide
richtingen bufferen

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