Governance for Sustainable Cities
ENP36806
Wageningen University
Script + Notes
Anneli Janzer
1
,Content
Lecture 1 – Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
Lecture 2 – Governing the Metropolis .................................................................................................... 2
Key features of a city ........................................................................................................................... 2
Cities-Metropoles ................................................................................................................................ 2
Agglomeration ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Political geographies ........................................................................................................................... 3
Tinkering .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Bricolage .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Lecture 3 - Governing Sustainable Cities: examples from Asia and Mexico ........................................... 5
Sustainable Development ................................................................................................................... 5
Sustainable City ................................................................................................................................... 5
SDG11 – Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable .......................................................... 5
Lecture 4 – Mechanisms of Air Pollution ................................................................................................ 7
Factors that influence air quality......................................................................................................... 7
Particulate Matter ............................................................................................................................... 7
Classical “Winter” - Smog: Smoke+Fog ............................................................................................... 8
Photochemical Smog ........................................................................................................................... 9
Some remarks...................................................................................................................................... 9
Lecture 5 – Urban Climate Governance ................................................................................................ 12
Forms of climate action in cities: Mitigation vs Adaption ................................................................. 12
Mitigation vs Adaptation ................................................................................................................... 12
Adaptation: Mainstream or specialized policies? ............................................................................. 13
Modes of city governance ................................................................................................................. 14
Multilevel governance ....................................................................................................................... 15
Tutorial 1 – (Urban) Climate Governance ............................................................................................. 17
Lecture 6 – Urban Climate and Climate Change ................................................................................... 18
Lecture 7 – Co-creation in Sustainable Cities ........................................................................................ 21
Participation ...................................................................................................................................... 21
Experimentation ................................................................................................................................ 21
Smart cities/smart urbanism (SU) ..................................................................................................... 22
Lecture Tut 2: Microplastics .................................................................................................................. 24
Tutorial 2 – (2 options: Microplastics or analysis of mechanisms of ozone air pollution) ............... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Lecture Tut 3 – Urban Air Quality and Health ....................................................................................... 27
Urban air pollutants and health impacts........................................................................................... 27
, Photochemical smog ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Tutorial 3 - Urban Air Quality and Health.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lecture 8 – Sustainable Urban Development in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies ...... 30
Tutorial 4 – Sustainable Urban Development in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies ...... 33
Lecture 9 – Wrap up Lecture ................................................................................................................. 34
3
, Lecture 1 – Introduction
• Climate initiatives (e.g. green roofs) to reduce a city’s CO2 Emissions
Definitions of “governance” vs policy
• Policy is traditionally related to governmental actors and governmental steering by classical policy
instruments (legal, economic and communicative instruments); whereas governance has a broader
connotation: any kind of action undertaken by any societal actor to make a certain impact on society
o We’ll study governance arrangements rather than (governmental) policies alone
• ‘Governance’ refers to any process of ordering, ruling, steering, controlling -whether state or non-state -
in society, and its results / impact on society (Nuijten, 2004).
• ‘… the actual practices of how interests are pursued and countered, authority exercised and challenged,
and power institutionalised and undermined’ (Le Meurand Lund, 2001)
• Governance’:
o typically used to describe contemporary systems whereby public policy is formulated, delivered
and legitimated…
o …in which formulation and implementation operate through networks…
o …which bring together a variety of stakeholders in ways that provide new means of legitimacy,
release new forms of resources and overcome conflict in novel ways…
o …involvement in these networks generates the capacity to act on public policy problems in a more
generalized and diffuse way, indirectly or at arm’s length from state organizations. (Rydin 2010, p.
47)
• Urban governance: “A process through which local authorities in concert with private business and civil
society, seek to enhance collective goals in an urban context” (Monstadt, 2009) Examples:
o Amsterdam Rainproof
o Urban Neighbourhoodfarming
o Gas-free neighbourhoodWageningen
1
ENP36806
Wageningen University
Script + Notes
Anneli Janzer
1
,Content
Lecture 1 – Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
Lecture 2 – Governing the Metropolis .................................................................................................... 2
Key features of a city ........................................................................................................................... 2
Cities-Metropoles ................................................................................................................................ 2
Agglomeration ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Political geographies ........................................................................................................................... 3
Tinkering .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Bricolage .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Lecture 3 - Governing Sustainable Cities: examples from Asia and Mexico ........................................... 5
Sustainable Development ................................................................................................................... 5
Sustainable City ................................................................................................................................... 5
SDG11 – Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable .......................................................... 5
Lecture 4 – Mechanisms of Air Pollution ................................................................................................ 7
Factors that influence air quality......................................................................................................... 7
Particulate Matter ............................................................................................................................... 7
Classical “Winter” - Smog: Smoke+Fog ............................................................................................... 8
Photochemical Smog ........................................................................................................................... 9
Some remarks...................................................................................................................................... 9
Lecture 5 – Urban Climate Governance ................................................................................................ 12
Forms of climate action in cities: Mitigation vs Adaption ................................................................. 12
Mitigation vs Adaptation ................................................................................................................... 12
Adaptation: Mainstream or specialized policies? ............................................................................. 13
Modes of city governance ................................................................................................................. 14
Multilevel governance ....................................................................................................................... 15
Tutorial 1 – (Urban) Climate Governance ............................................................................................. 17
Lecture 6 – Urban Climate and Climate Change ................................................................................... 18
Lecture 7 – Co-creation in Sustainable Cities ........................................................................................ 21
Participation ...................................................................................................................................... 21
Experimentation ................................................................................................................................ 21
Smart cities/smart urbanism (SU) ..................................................................................................... 22
Lecture Tut 2: Microplastics .................................................................................................................. 24
Tutorial 2 – (2 options: Microplastics or analysis of mechanisms of ozone air pollution) ............... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Lecture Tut 3 – Urban Air Quality and Health ....................................................................................... 27
Urban air pollutants and health impacts........................................................................................... 27
, Photochemical smog ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Tutorial 3 - Urban Air Quality and Health.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lecture 8 – Sustainable Urban Development in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies ...... 30
Tutorial 4 – Sustainable Urban Development in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies ...... 33
Lecture 9 – Wrap up Lecture ................................................................................................................. 34
3
, Lecture 1 – Introduction
• Climate initiatives (e.g. green roofs) to reduce a city’s CO2 Emissions
Definitions of “governance” vs policy
• Policy is traditionally related to governmental actors and governmental steering by classical policy
instruments (legal, economic and communicative instruments); whereas governance has a broader
connotation: any kind of action undertaken by any societal actor to make a certain impact on society
o We’ll study governance arrangements rather than (governmental) policies alone
• ‘Governance’ refers to any process of ordering, ruling, steering, controlling -whether state or non-state -
in society, and its results / impact on society (Nuijten, 2004).
• ‘… the actual practices of how interests are pursued and countered, authority exercised and challenged,
and power institutionalised and undermined’ (Le Meurand Lund, 2001)
• Governance’:
o typically used to describe contemporary systems whereby public policy is formulated, delivered
and legitimated…
o …in which formulation and implementation operate through networks…
o …which bring together a variety of stakeholders in ways that provide new means of legitimacy,
release new forms of resources and overcome conflict in novel ways…
o …involvement in these networks generates the capacity to act on public policy problems in a more
generalized and diffuse way, indirectly or at arm’s length from state organizations. (Rydin 2010, p.
47)
• Urban governance: “A process through which local authorities in concert with private business and civil
society, seek to enhance collective goals in an urban context” (Monstadt, 2009) Examples:
o Amsterdam Rainproof
o Urban Neighbourhoodfarming
o Gas-free neighbourhoodWageningen
1
