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Samenvatting sensorische systemen

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Bondige samenvatting betreffende het hoofdstuk sensorische systemen (zintuigen)

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43
Uploaded on
September 22, 2021
Number of pages
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Written in
2020/2021
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Zintuigen
1) Sensorische receptoren
soorten
 exteroreceptoren : reageren op externe stimuli zien, horen, proeven, beweging
 interoreceptoren : reageren op interne stimuli temperatuur, bloeddruk, pijn



mechanoreceptoren mechanische krachten (bv druk) tast, gehoor, evenwicht
chemoreceptoren chemische deeltjes/ reuk, smaak
veranderingen
energie-detecterende receptoren elektromagnetische + warmte zicht (fotoreceptoren)
energie


mechanisme
1. stimulatie
2. transductie: receptorpotentiaal  receptor
3. transmissie: actiepotentiaal  neuron
4. interpretatie: in CZS
activatie:
stimulus-afhankelijke ionenkanalen ; EPSP
depolarisatie receptorcel (membraanpotentiaal meer +) = receptorpotentiaal (ook gradueel  summatie)
 drempelwaarde; actiepotentiaal
spanning-afhankelijke kanalen;
actiepotentiaal naar CZS


mechanoreceptoren
 cutane receptoren; reactie tss extern en intern milieu (warmte, pijn, tast, druk) in huid
 pijnreceptoren =vrije zenuwuiteinden

 thermoreceptoren; ∆ temp
→ koude receptoren: hoger in huid + talrijker
→ warmte receptoren

 drukreceptoren; tast
1. Schijfjes van Merkel: trage adaptatie, klein receptief veld
2. Lichaampje van Meissner: snelle adaptatie, klein receptief veld
3. Lichaampje van Ruffini: trage adaptatie, groot receptief veld
4. Lichaampje van Vater Pacini: snelle adaptatie, groot receptief veld
*trage adaptatie: aanhoudende stimulus  AP’s vuren
*snelle adaptatie: aanhoudende stimulus  stoppen met AP’s vuren
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