ENGLISH PAPER ONE
With all IEB poetry 2020 - 2022
,English paper one 2020-2022
Contents
Poetry................................................................................................................................................ 3
Important Terminology ................................................................................................................. 3
Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson ........................................................................................................... 4
Further Analysis............................................................................................................................. 8
My last Duchess by Robert Browning .......................................................................................... 10
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 13
To the night by Percy Bysshe Shelley ........................................................................................... 15
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 17
Nightsong city by Dennis Brutus .................................................................................................. 18
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 19
Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen ...................................................................................... 20
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 22
Love’s farewell by Michael Drayton ............................................................................................. 23
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 24
Penguin on the beach by Ruth Miller .......................................................................................... 25
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 27
No longer mourn for me when I am dead by William Shakespeare ............................................. 28
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 29
To Althea, from prison by Richard Lovelace................................................................................. 30
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 32
The wind began to rock the grass by Emily Dickinson .................................................................. 33
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 35
Nobody loses all the time be E E Cummings ................................................................................ 36
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 39
Refugee Blues by W H Auden ...................................................................................................... 40
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 43
Assassination by Don L Lee .......................................................................................................... 44
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 45
Touch by Hugh Lewin .................................................................................................................. 46
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 49
The tenant by Na Ncube .............................................................................................................. 50
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 52
I have my father’s voice by Christopher van Wyk ........................................................................ 53
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 56
The cry of South Africa by Olive Schreiner ................................................................................... 57
1|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
,English paper one 2020-2022
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 58
Lost or Found world by Mongane Wally Serote ........................................................................... 59
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 61
Portrait of a loaf of bread by Mbuyiseni Oswald Mtshali ............................................................. 62
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 64
Overview of poetry.......................................................................................................................... 65
Advertising techniques .................................................................................................................... 67
Propaganda techniques................................................................................................................... 68
Explaining words and sentences ...................................................................................................... 70
Diction ......................................................................................................................................... 70
Register ....................................................................................................................................... 70
Tone ............................................................................................................................................ 70
Connotation ................................................................................................................................ 71
Denotation .................................................................................................................................. 71
Dictionary entry........................................................................................................................... 71
Punctuation ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Concord........................................................................................................................................... 73
Parts of speech ................................................................................................................................ 74
Figures of speech ............................................................................................................................ 75
Film study ........................................................................................................................................ 80
2|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
,English paper one 2020-2022
Poetry
Important Terminology
When the poem is addressed to an
Apostrophe
intimate object.
Each line has ten syllables that have been
organised into stresses. The first stress is
weak and the second is strong, the first is
Iambic pentameter called iambs and the opposite stress is
called trochaic. It is used to emphasise
words or vary the rhythm.
When there is a pause in the poem,
Caesura created by punctuation to mimic speech,
show hesitation or for emphasis.
A poem written to express the feelings of
Lyric the poet.
Poems written in iambic pentameter with
Blank verse no rhythm.
Free verse Poems with no rhythm.
Enjambment Run on lines.
• 3 Quatrains (4 lines).
• 1 rhyming couplet, this couplet
Elizabethan/Shakespearian sonnet shows the reason for the poem or
includes a lesson.
• Meter: iambic pentameter.
Two contrasting ideas placed close to
Juxtaposition each other.
When the word order of the sentence is
messed up for a particular reason, such as
Inversion
to make the last word rhyme or for
emphasis.
A poem that mimics a song to give praise
Ode
to a person or situation.
Tone The writer’s feeling.
Mood The reader’s feeling.
3|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson 1st stanza addresses his
He feels that he is not discontent with Kingship.
useful as a King, he has
no purpose as King. It little profits that an idle king,
“Barren crags” are lifeless
cliffs, he feels dull and
By this still hearth, among these barren crags, landlocked, and he wants
Words that all point
to the king’s adventure, he’s not
Match’d with an aged wife, I mete and dole content with his Kingship.
discontent and his
dull and boring life on
Ithaca (The Island Unequal laws unto a savage race,
His subjects do not know
that he rules.) him, nor respect him.
That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.
I cannot rest from travel: I will drink
“Lees” means last sip of He cannot stop thinking
the drink, he knows that about travelling.
Life to the lees: All times I have enjoy’d
he has a few years left of
life and wants to spend it Success and Failure.
Greatly, have suffer’d greatly, both with those
right, doing what he loves.
That loved me, and alone, on shore, and when
Thro’ scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Goddess that brings rain.
He was well Vext the dim sea: I am become a name;
known for his
travels. For always roaming with a hungry heart Loves to explore and
go on adventures.
Much have I seen and known; cities of men
Reference to being king.
And manners, climates, councils, governments,
He misses war with his peers, He was received with
such as the Trojan War. He honor by all the cities that
says his life is so boring that Myself not least, but honour’d of them all;
he visited.
he would mind going to war
for a bit of excitement. And drunk delight of battle with my peers,
A city.
Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.
Experiences are compared to an His travels, experiences
archway. From each point of the I am a part of all that I have met; and the people that he
archway you can see unexplored has met because of it has
regions. It reiterates that the Yet all experience is an arch wherethro’ made him who he is.
quest for knowledge and
adventure in never-ending.
4|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Constant longing for new adventures.
Gleams that untravell’d world whose margin fades
His life now is dull and The goal and longing for
boring, he wants more For ever and forever when I move. adventure seems like it
than to stay king, and he can never be reached.
wants to explore the How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
world. The king feels as though he
To rust unburnish’d, not to shine in use! is rusting because he has no
purpose, he is just waiting
Just merely living is not to die, he wants adventure.
As tho’ to breathe were life! Life piled on life
enough for him.
Were all too little, and of one to me One life is not
enough.
Little remains: but every hour is saved
His life is almost over.
Death.
From that eternal silence, something more,
A bringer of new things; and vile it were Metonymy -
Three years.
For some three suns to store and hoard myself,
He doesn’t feel fulfilled.
And this grey spirit yearning in desire He will never get
enough of adventure
To follow knowledge like a sinking star, and discovering new
A new and most
things. He always
exciting adventure.
wants more wisdom.
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.
Seems to announce his
son in a way that shows Son’s name. 2nd stanza is where
the reader that he is he hands over the
proud of his son. This is my son, mine own Telemachus, island (called
Ithatica) to his son
Metonymy – sceptre To whom I leave the sceptre and the isle,— who is well
and isle is a symbol for qualified to be King.
the kingdom. Ulysses is Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfil
going to leave his
kingdom to his son Alliteration – using
This labour, by slow prudence to make mild
while he is travelling. alliteration to pass on his
duties to his son.
A rugged people, and thro’ soft degrees
Subdue them to the useful and the good.
5|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Most blameless is he, centred in the sphere His son will make a good
King, because he has
Of common duties, decent not to fail good characteristics.
Antithesis. The two men In offices of tenderness, and pay
are different, Ulysses loves
travel, but his son seems to Meet adoration to my household gods,
want to rule the island. Can
indicate that they don’t When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.
have a close relationship. 3rd stanza is
where he calls his
Personification: Eager to set sail. mates to further
There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail: adventures at sea.
The sea waits sorrowfully
to be explored, or the
dangers of the unknown. There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners,
Souls that have toil’d, and wrought, and thought with me—
That ever with a frolic welcome took Juxtaposition – the sailors
are always loyal, even in
Directly times of difficulty.
The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed
addressing
his crew.
Free hearts, free foreheads—you and I are old;
Even though they are
old, they can still enjoy
Old age hath yet his honour and his toil;
life.
Death closes all: but something ere the end,
Death is close
(inevitable), but one
Some work of noble note, may yet be done,
Adventure more adventure is
makes them needed before then.
Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.
heroes.
The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks:
Excitement
starts to build.
The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep
Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends,
’Tis not too late to seek a newer world. Death has not yet
come, not too old for
new adventures.
6|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Push off, and sitting well in order smite Sibilance.
The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
He will never stop chasing
adventure. Of all the western stars, until I die. Ulysses acknowledges
the dangers of the
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down: unknown and adventure.
Ulysses wonders if they
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
will meet up with the Where heroes go when
great hero and warrior, they die according to
Achilles in paradise.
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.
Greek mythology.
Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho’
We are not now that strength which in old days
Ulysses and his
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are; mates are not as
strong as they
Untied.
One equal temper of heroic hearts, were in their
youth, but they are
strong in will.
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Never to stop
adventure.
7|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
,English paper one 2020-2022
Further Analysis
The poem was written after Alfred lost a friend. Ulysses wants to leave his
throne and duties to travel with his mates. Ulysses values conquest,
discovery, significance and meaning.
Intention
ⱡ To inspire- life is too short, it should be lived with passion.
ⱡ Only do things that make you happy.
ⱡ Catharsis (the process of releasing bottled up emotions) – the poem was used to
mourn the loss of the author’s friend.
Structure
ⱡ Dramatic Monologue.
ⱡ He is addressing others “my mariners” [his friends/peers]
ⱡ Iambic pentameter- mimics a speech and gives the poem structure.
ⱡ Enjambment and no full stops are used but instead dashes and semi –colons are
used, all to show how people speak.
ⱡ “Match’d” and “tis not too late” are contractions creating the impression of
speech.
ⱡ Blank verse.
Themes
ⱡ The pursuit of knowledge/ adventure.
ⱡ Grief.
ⱡ Ageing.
Speaker
ⱡ An ageing leader who yearns for adventure, he leaves his responsibilities with
his son and invites his former sailing companions to “seek a newer world”.
8|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Background
ⱡ The poem tells the story of the ancient Greek hero Odysseus (known as
Ulysses to the Romans). He uses the poem to convince his crew to sail again.
ⱡ Ulysses went missing for many years and was presumed dead, his wife had to
rule Ithaca.
ⱡ This poem takes place when he is back on his island.
Tone
ⱡ Starts sad, desperate, frustrated and lonely.
ⱡ Later becomes inspirational, proud and emotive.
9|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
With all IEB poetry 2020 - 2022
,English paper one 2020-2022
Contents
Poetry................................................................................................................................................ 3
Important Terminology ................................................................................................................. 3
Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson ........................................................................................................... 4
Further Analysis............................................................................................................................. 8
My last Duchess by Robert Browning .......................................................................................... 10
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 13
To the night by Percy Bysshe Shelley ........................................................................................... 15
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 17
Nightsong city by Dennis Brutus .................................................................................................. 18
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 19
Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen ...................................................................................... 20
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 22
Love’s farewell by Michael Drayton ............................................................................................. 23
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 24
Penguin on the beach by Ruth Miller .......................................................................................... 25
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 27
No longer mourn for me when I am dead by William Shakespeare ............................................. 28
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 29
To Althea, from prison by Richard Lovelace................................................................................. 30
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 32
The wind began to rock the grass by Emily Dickinson .................................................................. 33
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 35
Nobody loses all the time be E E Cummings ................................................................................ 36
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 39
Refugee Blues by W H Auden ...................................................................................................... 40
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 43
Assassination by Don L Lee .......................................................................................................... 44
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 45
Touch by Hugh Lewin .................................................................................................................. 46
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 49
The tenant by Na Ncube .............................................................................................................. 50
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 52
I have my father’s voice by Christopher van Wyk ........................................................................ 53
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 56
The cry of South Africa by Olive Schreiner ................................................................................... 57
1|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
,English paper one 2020-2022
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 58
Lost or Found world by Mongane Wally Serote ........................................................................... 59
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 61
Portrait of a loaf of bread by Mbuyiseni Oswald Mtshali ............................................................. 62
Further Analysis........................................................................................................................... 64
Overview of poetry.......................................................................................................................... 65
Advertising techniques .................................................................................................................... 67
Propaganda techniques................................................................................................................... 68
Explaining words and sentences ...................................................................................................... 70
Diction ......................................................................................................................................... 70
Register ....................................................................................................................................... 70
Tone ............................................................................................................................................ 70
Connotation ................................................................................................................................ 71
Denotation .................................................................................................................................. 71
Dictionary entry........................................................................................................................... 71
Punctuation ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Concord........................................................................................................................................... 73
Parts of speech ................................................................................................................................ 74
Figures of speech ............................................................................................................................ 75
Film study ........................................................................................................................................ 80
2|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
,English paper one 2020-2022
Poetry
Important Terminology
When the poem is addressed to an
Apostrophe
intimate object.
Each line has ten syllables that have been
organised into stresses. The first stress is
weak and the second is strong, the first is
Iambic pentameter called iambs and the opposite stress is
called trochaic. It is used to emphasise
words or vary the rhythm.
When there is a pause in the poem,
Caesura created by punctuation to mimic speech,
show hesitation or for emphasis.
A poem written to express the feelings of
Lyric the poet.
Poems written in iambic pentameter with
Blank verse no rhythm.
Free verse Poems with no rhythm.
Enjambment Run on lines.
• 3 Quatrains (4 lines).
• 1 rhyming couplet, this couplet
Elizabethan/Shakespearian sonnet shows the reason for the poem or
includes a lesson.
• Meter: iambic pentameter.
Two contrasting ideas placed close to
Juxtaposition each other.
When the word order of the sentence is
messed up for a particular reason, such as
Inversion
to make the last word rhyme or for
emphasis.
A poem that mimics a song to give praise
Ode
to a person or situation.
Tone The writer’s feeling.
Mood The reader’s feeling.
3|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Ulysses by Alfred Tennyson 1st stanza addresses his
He feels that he is not discontent with Kingship.
useful as a King, he has
no purpose as King. It little profits that an idle king,
“Barren crags” are lifeless
cliffs, he feels dull and
By this still hearth, among these barren crags, landlocked, and he wants
Words that all point
to the king’s adventure, he’s not
Match’d with an aged wife, I mete and dole content with his Kingship.
discontent and his
dull and boring life on
Ithaca (The Island Unequal laws unto a savage race,
His subjects do not know
that he rules.) him, nor respect him.
That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.
I cannot rest from travel: I will drink
“Lees” means last sip of He cannot stop thinking
the drink, he knows that about travelling.
Life to the lees: All times I have enjoy’d
he has a few years left of
life and wants to spend it Success and Failure.
Greatly, have suffer’d greatly, both with those
right, doing what he loves.
That loved me, and alone, on shore, and when
Thro’ scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Goddess that brings rain.
He was well Vext the dim sea: I am become a name;
known for his
travels. For always roaming with a hungry heart Loves to explore and
go on adventures.
Much have I seen and known; cities of men
Reference to being king.
And manners, climates, councils, governments,
He misses war with his peers, He was received with
such as the Trojan War. He honor by all the cities that
says his life is so boring that Myself not least, but honour’d of them all;
he visited.
he would mind going to war
for a bit of excitement. And drunk delight of battle with my peers,
A city.
Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.
Experiences are compared to an His travels, experiences
archway. From each point of the I am a part of all that I have met; and the people that he
archway you can see unexplored has met because of it has
regions. It reiterates that the Yet all experience is an arch wherethro’ made him who he is.
quest for knowledge and
adventure in never-ending.
4|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Constant longing for new adventures.
Gleams that untravell’d world whose margin fades
His life now is dull and The goal and longing for
boring, he wants more For ever and forever when I move. adventure seems like it
than to stay king, and he can never be reached.
wants to explore the How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
world. The king feels as though he
To rust unburnish’d, not to shine in use! is rusting because he has no
purpose, he is just waiting
Just merely living is not to die, he wants adventure.
As tho’ to breathe were life! Life piled on life
enough for him.
Were all too little, and of one to me One life is not
enough.
Little remains: but every hour is saved
His life is almost over.
Death.
From that eternal silence, something more,
A bringer of new things; and vile it were Metonymy -
Three years.
For some three suns to store and hoard myself,
He doesn’t feel fulfilled.
And this grey spirit yearning in desire He will never get
enough of adventure
To follow knowledge like a sinking star, and discovering new
A new and most
things. He always
exciting adventure.
wants more wisdom.
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.
Seems to announce his
son in a way that shows Son’s name. 2nd stanza is where
the reader that he is he hands over the
proud of his son. This is my son, mine own Telemachus, island (called
Ithatica) to his son
Metonymy – sceptre To whom I leave the sceptre and the isle,— who is well
and isle is a symbol for qualified to be King.
the kingdom. Ulysses is Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfil
going to leave his
kingdom to his son Alliteration – using
This labour, by slow prudence to make mild
while he is travelling. alliteration to pass on his
duties to his son.
A rugged people, and thro’ soft degrees
Subdue them to the useful and the good.
5|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Most blameless is he, centred in the sphere His son will make a good
King, because he has
Of common duties, decent not to fail good characteristics.
Antithesis. The two men In offices of tenderness, and pay
are different, Ulysses loves
travel, but his son seems to Meet adoration to my household gods,
want to rule the island. Can
indicate that they don’t When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.
have a close relationship. 3rd stanza is
where he calls his
Personification: Eager to set sail. mates to further
There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail: adventures at sea.
The sea waits sorrowfully
to be explored, or the
dangers of the unknown. There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners,
Souls that have toil’d, and wrought, and thought with me—
That ever with a frolic welcome took Juxtaposition – the sailors
are always loyal, even in
Directly times of difficulty.
The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed
addressing
his crew.
Free hearts, free foreheads—you and I are old;
Even though they are
old, they can still enjoy
Old age hath yet his honour and his toil;
life.
Death closes all: but something ere the end,
Death is close
(inevitable), but one
Some work of noble note, may yet be done,
Adventure more adventure is
makes them needed before then.
Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.
heroes.
The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks:
Excitement
starts to build.
The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep
Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends,
’Tis not too late to seek a newer world. Death has not yet
come, not too old for
new adventures.
6|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Push off, and sitting well in order smite Sibilance.
The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
He will never stop chasing
adventure. Of all the western stars, until I die. Ulysses acknowledges
the dangers of the
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down: unknown and adventure.
Ulysses wonders if they
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
will meet up with the Where heroes go when
great hero and warrior, they die according to
Achilles in paradise.
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.
Greek mythology.
Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho’
We are not now that strength which in old days
Ulysses and his
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are; mates are not as
strong as they
Untied.
One equal temper of heroic hearts, were in their
youth, but they are
strong in will.
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Never to stop
adventure.
7|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
,English paper one 2020-2022
Further Analysis
The poem was written after Alfred lost a friend. Ulysses wants to leave his
throne and duties to travel with his mates. Ulysses values conquest,
discovery, significance and meaning.
Intention
ⱡ To inspire- life is too short, it should be lived with passion.
ⱡ Only do things that make you happy.
ⱡ Catharsis (the process of releasing bottled up emotions) – the poem was used to
mourn the loss of the author’s friend.
Structure
ⱡ Dramatic Monologue.
ⱡ He is addressing others “my mariners” [his friends/peers]
ⱡ Iambic pentameter- mimics a speech and gives the poem structure.
ⱡ Enjambment and no full stops are used but instead dashes and semi –colons are
used, all to show how people speak.
ⱡ “Match’d” and “tis not too late” are contractions creating the impression of
speech.
ⱡ Blank verse.
Themes
ⱡ The pursuit of knowledge/ adventure.
ⱡ Grief.
ⱡ Ageing.
Speaker
ⱡ An ageing leader who yearns for adventure, he leaves his responsibilities with
his son and invites his former sailing companions to “seek a newer world”.
8|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
, English paper one 2020-2022
Background
ⱡ The poem tells the story of the ancient Greek hero Odysseus (known as
Ulysses to the Romans). He uses the poem to convince his crew to sail again.
ⱡ Ulysses went missing for many years and was presumed dead, his wife had to
rule Ithaca.
ⱡ This poem takes place when he is back on his island.
Tone
ⱡ Starts sad, desperate, frustrated and lonely.
ⱡ Later becomes inspirational, proud and emotive.
9|P age R a c h e l J o n e s
