Culture and Language East Asia
Compilation Document
Contents
China’s Policies for Minority Nationalities in Higher Education: Negotiating National Values and
Ethnic Identities.....................................................................................................................................5
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................5
Method and data sources..................................................................................................................5
Language, Ethnicity, and Schooling....................................................................................................5
Ethnicity and Education in China.......................................................................................................6
Central University for Nationalities in Beijing....................................................................................7
Admissions Policies, Language, and Academic Programs at CUN......................................................7
Promoting Ethnic Identity and National Unity at CUN.......................................................................8
Language Boundaries of Min Kao Han and Min Kao Min...................................................................8
Min kao han...................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................10
The Concept(s) of Culture....................................................................................................................12
What do we mean by culture?.........................................................................................................12
Culture as a category of social life...................................................................................................12
Culture as system and practice........................................................................................................13
Culture as distinct worlds of meaning..........................................................................................14
How coherence is possible...........................................................................................................15
Museums and nationalism in contemporary China.............................................................................16
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................16
Popular nationalism in post-socialist china......................................................................................17
Museums and patriotic education on the Chinese mainland...........................................................18
Repackaging the revolution.........................................................................................................18
From ancient past to hyper-modern present—museums and the reinvention of Chinese
tradition.......................................................................................................................................20
Solidarity with the minority nationalities.....................................................................................20
Museums and cultural politics in Hong Kong and Taiwan................................................................21
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................21
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics...........................................................................................23
Japan: Writing System.....................................................................................................................23
Description of the current writing system...................................................................................23
1
, Kana.............................................................................................................................................23
Kanji.............................................................................................................................................23
Punctuation, alphanumerics, and other symbols.........................................................................24
Alternative methods....................................................................................................................24
History of the writing system.......................................................................................................25
Origins of kana.............................................................................................................................25
Historical spellings.......................................................................................................................25
Quasi-chinese methods...............................................................................................................25
Romanization...............................................................................................................................25
Japanese..........................................................................................................................................26
Korean.............................................................................................................................................28
Phonology....................................................................................................................................28
grammar and syntax....................................................................................................................28
Vocabulary.......................................................................................................................................30
Lexicon.........................................................................................................................................30
Word creation..............................................................................................................................30
Parallel vocabulary sets...............................................................................................................30
The written language...................................................................................................................30
Korean Script: History and description............................................................................................30
History.........................................................................................................................................30
Description...................................................................................................................................31
China: Writing System......................................................................................................................32
Ancient inscribed styles...............................................................................................................32
Ink brush styles............................................................................................................................33
Other matters of form and punctuation......................................................................................34
The internal linguistic structure of the chinese script..................................................................34
Chinese............................................................................................................................................36
The state of the art......................................................................................................................36
Spoken chinese............................................................................................................................36
Written chinese............................................................................................................................37
Three major dialects....................................................................................................................38
Chinese information processing...................................................................................................39
Heritage Management in Korea and Japan..........................................................................................40
Chapter 5 – excavating Korea's past................................................................................................40
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development......................................................................45
‘Cantonese is not a dialect’: Chinese netizens’ defence of Cantonese as a regional lingua franca. .45
2
, Introduction.................................................................................................................................45
Cantonese as a regional lingua franca in shifting contexts..........................................................45
individualisation of society in the Chinese context......................................................................46
The inquiry...................................................................................................................................47
The defence of Cantonese as a regional lingua franca.................................................................48
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................51
A History of East Asia...........................................................................................................................52
Confucianism – page 36 to 40..........................................................................................................52
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................54
a Japanese soft power?....................................................................................................................55
Japan’s heeding support for soft power......................................................................................56
East Asian governments’ response to Japan’s popular culture....................................................57
The creation of regional markets for Japanese culture in East Asia.................................................58
Japanese media companies in East Asia in the 1990s..................................................................58
Japanese media products in East Asia..........................................................................................58
The Japanese popular culture industry’s regional model.............................................................58
Japanese popular culture’s soft power in East Asia.........................................................................59
Disseminating new imageries of Japan........................................................................................59
The non-national nature of Japan’s appreciation........................................................................59
Concluding remarks.....................................................................................................................60
Writing systems...................................................................................................................................62
15.0 – what is writing.......................................................................................................................62
15.1 – writing, language, and culture..............................................................................................62
15.1.1 – what is writing?..............................................................................................................62
15.1.2 writing and language.........................................................................................................62
15.1.3 writing and culture............................................................................................................62
15.1.4 functional writing systems................................................................................................63
15.1.5 – computer-mediated communication.............................................................................63
15.2 – types of writing systems........................................................................................................64
15.2.1 – classifying writing systems.............................................................................................64
15.2.2 - morphographic writing systems......................................................................................64
15.2.3 – phonographic writing systems.......................................................................................64
15.3 – the historical evolution of writing systems...........................................................................65
15.3.1 the creation of writing systems.........................................................................................65
15.3.2. – early writing systems.....................................................................................................65
15.3.3 – the development of the Greek and Roman alphabets (and other writing systems).......65
3
, 15.3.4. deciphering ancient languages.........................................................................................66
Imagined communities........................................................................................................................67
Chapter 2 – cultural roots................................................................................................................67
The religious community.............................................................................................................67
the dynastic realm.......................................................................................................................67
Apprehension of time..................................................................................................................68
summary......................................................................................................................................69
Japanese Confucianism: A Cultural History..........................................................................................70
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................70
What is Confucianism?................................................................................................................71
Confucianism today.....................................................................................................................72
The language instinct: How the mind creates language......................................................................74
Mentalese........................................................................................................................................74
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................77
Loan-words and loan-translations...................................................................................................77
The rangaku period..........................................................................................................................78
Techniques of translation................................................................................................................78
List of loanwords and loan translations...........................................................................................78
The opening of japan and the early Meiji period.............................................................................79
Chinese borrowing from Japanese...................................................................................................79
Opinions on Japanese loans in mainland china................................................................................81
4
Compilation Document
Contents
China’s Policies for Minority Nationalities in Higher Education: Negotiating National Values and
Ethnic Identities.....................................................................................................................................5
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................5
Method and data sources..................................................................................................................5
Language, Ethnicity, and Schooling....................................................................................................5
Ethnicity and Education in China.......................................................................................................6
Central University for Nationalities in Beijing....................................................................................7
Admissions Policies, Language, and Academic Programs at CUN......................................................7
Promoting Ethnic Identity and National Unity at CUN.......................................................................8
Language Boundaries of Min Kao Han and Min Kao Min...................................................................8
Min kao han...................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................10
The Concept(s) of Culture....................................................................................................................12
What do we mean by culture?.........................................................................................................12
Culture as a category of social life...................................................................................................12
Culture as system and practice........................................................................................................13
Culture as distinct worlds of meaning..........................................................................................14
How coherence is possible...........................................................................................................15
Museums and nationalism in contemporary China.............................................................................16
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................16
Popular nationalism in post-socialist china......................................................................................17
Museums and patriotic education on the Chinese mainland...........................................................18
Repackaging the revolution.........................................................................................................18
From ancient past to hyper-modern present—museums and the reinvention of Chinese
tradition.......................................................................................................................................20
Solidarity with the minority nationalities.....................................................................................20
Museums and cultural politics in Hong Kong and Taiwan................................................................21
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................21
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics...........................................................................................23
Japan: Writing System.....................................................................................................................23
Description of the current writing system...................................................................................23
1
, Kana.............................................................................................................................................23
Kanji.............................................................................................................................................23
Punctuation, alphanumerics, and other symbols.........................................................................24
Alternative methods....................................................................................................................24
History of the writing system.......................................................................................................25
Origins of kana.............................................................................................................................25
Historical spellings.......................................................................................................................25
Quasi-chinese methods...............................................................................................................25
Romanization...............................................................................................................................25
Japanese..........................................................................................................................................26
Korean.............................................................................................................................................28
Phonology....................................................................................................................................28
grammar and syntax....................................................................................................................28
Vocabulary.......................................................................................................................................30
Lexicon.........................................................................................................................................30
Word creation..............................................................................................................................30
Parallel vocabulary sets...............................................................................................................30
The written language...................................................................................................................30
Korean Script: History and description............................................................................................30
History.........................................................................................................................................30
Description...................................................................................................................................31
China: Writing System......................................................................................................................32
Ancient inscribed styles...............................................................................................................32
Ink brush styles............................................................................................................................33
Other matters of form and punctuation......................................................................................34
The internal linguistic structure of the chinese script..................................................................34
Chinese............................................................................................................................................36
The state of the art......................................................................................................................36
Spoken chinese............................................................................................................................36
Written chinese............................................................................................................................37
Three major dialects....................................................................................................................38
Chinese information processing...................................................................................................39
Heritage Management in Korea and Japan..........................................................................................40
Chapter 5 – excavating Korea's past................................................................................................40
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development......................................................................45
‘Cantonese is not a dialect’: Chinese netizens’ defence of Cantonese as a regional lingua franca. .45
2
, Introduction.................................................................................................................................45
Cantonese as a regional lingua franca in shifting contexts..........................................................45
individualisation of society in the Chinese context......................................................................46
The inquiry...................................................................................................................................47
The defence of Cantonese as a regional lingua franca.................................................................48
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................51
A History of East Asia...........................................................................................................................52
Confucianism – page 36 to 40..........................................................................................................52
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................54
a Japanese soft power?....................................................................................................................55
Japan’s heeding support for soft power......................................................................................56
East Asian governments’ response to Japan’s popular culture....................................................57
The creation of regional markets for Japanese culture in East Asia.................................................58
Japanese media companies in East Asia in the 1990s..................................................................58
Japanese media products in East Asia..........................................................................................58
The Japanese popular culture industry’s regional model.............................................................58
Japanese popular culture’s soft power in East Asia.........................................................................59
Disseminating new imageries of Japan........................................................................................59
The non-national nature of Japan’s appreciation........................................................................59
Concluding remarks.....................................................................................................................60
Writing systems...................................................................................................................................62
15.0 – what is writing.......................................................................................................................62
15.1 – writing, language, and culture..............................................................................................62
15.1.1 – what is writing?..............................................................................................................62
15.1.2 writing and language.........................................................................................................62
15.1.3 writing and culture............................................................................................................62
15.1.4 functional writing systems................................................................................................63
15.1.5 – computer-mediated communication.............................................................................63
15.2 – types of writing systems........................................................................................................64
15.2.1 – classifying writing systems.............................................................................................64
15.2.2 - morphographic writing systems......................................................................................64
15.2.3 – phonographic writing systems.......................................................................................64
15.3 – the historical evolution of writing systems...........................................................................65
15.3.1 the creation of writing systems.........................................................................................65
15.3.2. – early writing systems.....................................................................................................65
15.3.3 – the development of the Greek and Roman alphabets (and other writing systems).......65
3
, 15.3.4. deciphering ancient languages.........................................................................................66
Imagined communities........................................................................................................................67
Chapter 2 – cultural roots................................................................................................................67
The religious community.............................................................................................................67
the dynastic realm.......................................................................................................................67
Apprehension of time..................................................................................................................68
summary......................................................................................................................................69
Japanese Confucianism: A Cultural History..........................................................................................70
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................70
What is Confucianism?................................................................................................................71
Confucianism today.....................................................................................................................72
The language instinct: How the mind creates language......................................................................74
Mentalese........................................................................................................................................74
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................77
Loan-words and loan-translations...................................................................................................77
The rangaku period..........................................................................................................................78
Techniques of translation................................................................................................................78
List of loanwords and loan translations...........................................................................................78
The opening of japan and the early Meiji period.............................................................................79
Chinese borrowing from Japanese...................................................................................................79
Opinions on Japanese loans in mainland china................................................................................81
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