NURS 421-Chapter 26: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition

NURS 421-Chapter 26: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition Chapter 26: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 5th Edition 1.1. Six students order meals at a local restaurant. Which of the following students are at highest risk for illness? (Select all that apply.) a.The first student asks for a salad with chicken strips and dressing on the side. b.The second student asks for a hamburger, very rare. c.The third student orders a tuna salad sandwich with extra mayonnaise. d.The fourth student orders a breakfast meal with two very soft-poached eggs and toast: ANS: B, D Escherichia coli O157:H7 can produce a strong cytotoxin that can cause a potentially fatal hemorrhagic colitis. Hamburger is often involved in outbreaks, since the grinding process exposes pathogens on the surface of the whole meat to the interior of the ground meat, effectively mixing the once-exterior bacteria thoroughly throughout the hamburger so that searing the surface no longer suffices to kill all bacteria. Also, hamburger is often made of meat ground from several sources. The best protection against foodborne pathogens is to thoroughly cook food before eating it. Salmonella is also transmitted by undercooked foods such as eggs, poultry, dairy products, and seafood. Consequently, students eating very rare hamburger and undercooked eggs are at high risk. 2.1. Which of the following is the number one cause of death worldwide? a.Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke) b.Infectious diseases c.Injuries (accidental or purposeful) d.Terrorism: ANS: B In countries with higher standards of living, where people live longer, chronic diseases—heart disease, cancer, and stroke—are the leading causes of death. Infectious diseases, however, are still the number-one cause of death worldwide. 3.2. Which of the following places best describes where the incidence of Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is currently rising? a.Areas where people share dressing or bathing facilities b.Daycare centers and schools c.Long-term care facilities d.Senior citizen centers: ANS: A Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remain problems for people who acquire the bacteria in the hospital, but there is a growing incidence of community-acquired MRSA in places where people closely share facilities such as locker rooms, prisons, and other close bathing areas. 4.2. Which of the following symptoms suggests smallpox as opposed to the more common and much less dangerous chickenpox? (Select all that apply.) a.Child appears only mildly ill until late stages in smallpox. b.Lesions appear in various stages in the same area of the body rather than all at once. c.Rash lesions are most abundant on the face and extremities, not on the trunk. d.Rash occurs 2 to 4 days after sudden onset of fever rather than with the fever.: ANS: C, D Symptoms of smallpox include rash lesions on face and extremities, rash that occurs 2 to 4 days after onset of fever, and vesicles that are deep seated. 5.3. During an outbreak of hepatitis A, nurses are giving injections of hepatitis A immunoglobulin to selected susceptible persons. Which of the following best describes the type of immunity that will follow the administration of these injections? a.Active immunity b.Long-lasting immunity c.Natural immunity d.Passive immunity: ANS: D Passive immunity refers to immunization through the transfer of a specific antibody from an immunized individual to a nonimmunized individual, such as the transfer of antibody by administration of an antibody-containing preparation (immune globulin or antiserum). Passive immunity from immune globulin is almost immediate but short-lived. It often is induced as a stopgap measure until active immunity has had time to develop after vaccination. 6.3. The advanced practice nurse explains that the client has an upper respiratory infection (URI) and suggests several measures that might make the client more comfortable. Which of the following best describes why the nurse doesn't just prescribe antibiotics as the client repeatedly requests? (Select all that apply.) a.Antibiotics are expensive, whereas the support measures would be almost free of cost. b.Viral diseases are not affected by antibiotics. c.Clinics cannot afford to continually give antibiotics to anyone who asks for them. d.The more antibiotics are prescribed, the more infectious agents develop resistance to such drugs.: ANS: B, D Antibiotics are not effective against viral diseases, a fact found unacceptable to many clients looking for relief from the misery of a cold or flu. The inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics contributes to the growing problem of infectious agents that have developed resistance to once-powerful antibiotics. 7.4. A man loudly protests his increased property tax bill right after the public health department has made a plea for more funds. "Why," he asks, "should my tax dollars be used to pay for their children to be immunized?" Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? a."Immunizations are required by law, and if their parents can't afford it, you and I will have to pay for it." b."It's just the right th