MICROBIOLOGY 214 STUDY NOTES
Definitions
Chapter 1
Microbiology The study of organisms and acellular biological bodies
that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Taxa Org that shares common char (Genus - Escherichia)
Basic taxon (species) Collection of strains with similar char (Escherichia coli)
Strain Descendants of single colony from pure cult
(Escherichia coli 0157:H7)
Spontaneous Living organisms can develop from non-living matter
generation
Attenuated Organism loses its ability to cause an illness
Anti-toxin Antibodies that bind toxins
Chapter 3
Plasmids Plasmids are shorter extrachromosomal double-
stranded DNA molecules that can exist independent of
the chromosome
Chapter 7
Growth An increase in cellular components that leads to a rise
in cell numbers
Cell cycle The complete sequence of events extending from the
formation of a new cell through the next division
Septation The process of forming a cross wall between 2 daughter
cells
Cytokinesis The formation of 2 euk daughter cells, but is ow used to
describe this process in ALL cells
Generation time Rate of bacterial reproduction
Doubling time Time taken by 1 individual bacterium to divide
Osmotolerant Micro-organisms that grow over wide range of water
activity and osmotic concentrations
Osmophiles Micro-organisms that need high osmotic pressure for
growth
pH The negative logarithmic of the hydrogen ion
concentration
, Chapter 1: Introduction & History
Introduction
diameter = 1mm/less
cellular microbes (bread moulds) – filamentous photosynth mic vis w/o
micro – consist of small aggregation cells (some multicell) & disting from
pl. and ani. By lack of differentiated tiss
Bacteria = “true”bact/prok
Eukarya = all org composed complex euk cells (incl pl. and ani.)
Archae = archaebacteria – unusual prok cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Open - contents not div into compart by mem Has mem-bound organelles
Rel simple morph Morph complex
Lacks true mem-delim nuc Has mem-delim nuc
Bacteria and Archae Protozoa, algae, fungi, pl. & ani.
Progress
Not all prok same ∴ not be grouped in 1 kingdom
Comparison rRNA (Carl Woese) NB in demon 2 v diff groups org – Bact. &
Arch.
Characteristic Bacteria Archae Eukarya
Gen material DNA
Cytoplasm Mem-bound
Ribosomes Present
Metabolism Similar basic metab
Chromo struct Circ Circ Lin
DNA location Nucleoid Nucleoid Nucleus
Chromo seg Bin fiss Bin fiss Meiosis/Mitosis
Introns in genes Rare Common Common
Operons ╳
Initiator tRNA Formylmethionine Methionine Methionine
Ribosomes 70S 70S 80S
Mem-bound org ╳ ╳
Mem lipids Ester-linked Ether-linked Ester
Peptidog in cell
╳ ╳
wall
Methanogenesis ╳ ╳
Temp tolerance Max 90℃ Max 120℃ Max 70℃
Linnaean Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus = Swedish botanist & zoologist - (“Father of Taxonomy”)
invented syst that species assigned 2-part Latinised name
Definitions
Chapter 1
Microbiology The study of organisms and acellular biological bodies
that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye
Taxa Org that shares common char (Genus - Escherichia)
Basic taxon (species) Collection of strains with similar char (Escherichia coli)
Strain Descendants of single colony from pure cult
(Escherichia coli 0157:H7)
Spontaneous Living organisms can develop from non-living matter
generation
Attenuated Organism loses its ability to cause an illness
Anti-toxin Antibodies that bind toxins
Chapter 3
Plasmids Plasmids are shorter extrachromosomal double-
stranded DNA molecules that can exist independent of
the chromosome
Chapter 7
Growth An increase in cellular components that leads to a rise
in cell numbers
Cell cycle The complete sequence of events extending from the
formation of a new cell through the next division
Septation The process of forming a cross wall between 2 daughter
cells
Cytokinesis The formation of 2 euk daughter cells, but is ow used to
describe this process in ALL cells
Generation time Rate of bacterial reproduction
Doubling time Time taken by 1 individual bacterium to divide
Osmotolerant Micro-organisms that grow over wide range of water
activity and osmotic concentrations
Osmophiles Micro-organisms that need high osmotic pressure for
growth
pH The negative logarithmic of the hydrogen ion
concentration
, Chapter 1: Introduction & History
Introduction
diameter = 1mm/less
cellular microbes (bread moulds) – filamentous photosynth mic vis w/o
micro – consist of small aggregation cells (some multicell) & disting from
pl. and ani. By lack of differentiated tiss
Bacteria = “true”bact/prok
Eukarya = all org composed complex euk cells (incl pl. and ani.)
Archae = archaebacteria – unusual prok cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Open - contents not div into compart by mem Has mem-bound organelles
Rel simple morph Morph complex
Lacks true mem-delim nuc Has mem-delim nuc
Bacteria and Archae Protozoa, algae, fungi, pl. & ani.
Progress
Not all prok same ∴ not be grouped in 1 kingdom
Comparison rRNA (Carl Woese) NB in demon 2 v diff groups org – Bact. &
Arch.
Characteristic Bacteria Archae Eukarya
Gen material DNA
Cytoplasm Mem-bound
Ribosomes Present
Metabolism Similar basic metab
Chromo struct Circ Circ Lin
DNA location Nucleoid Nucleoid Nucleus
Chromo seg Bin fiss Bin fiss Meiosis/Mitosis
Introns in genes Rare Common Common
Operons ╳
Initiator tRNA Formylmethionine Methionine Methionine
Ribosomes 70S 70S 80S
Mem-bound org ╳ ╳
Mem lipids Ester-linked Ether-linked Ester
Peptidog in cell
╳ ╳
wall
Methanogenesis ╳ ╳
Temp tolerance Max 90℃ Max 120℃ Max 70℃
Linnaean Binomial Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus = Swedish botanist & zoologist - (“Father of Taxonomy”)
invented syst that species assigned 2-part Latinised name
