PN 4003 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 | PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE NURSING REVIEW
which degree burns require skin grafts? - correct answer ✔✔3rd and 4th degree
what is conductive hearing loss - correct answer ✔✔hearing loss that is due to diminished sound
reaching middle and inner ear.
sensorineural hearing loss - correct answer ✔✔the most common form of hearing loss, also called nerve
deafness; caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves
manières disease - correct answer ✔✔tinnitus, vertigo, unilateral fluctuating hearing loss. nausea
vomiting or diaphoresis may occur. cause is unknown. meds are used to control symptoms
otosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔conductive hearing loss that occurs when osicles become softened,
spongy, highly vascular and partially or totally fixed. TX=H
acoustic neuroma - correct answer ✔✔benign tumor on the auditory nerve (8th cranial nerve) that
causes vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
ottis media - correct answer ✔✔inflammation or infection of the middle ear
ottis externa - correct answer ✔✔Infection of the outer ear (ear canal)
what is sensation - correct answer ✔✔ability to recieve and process stimuli through sensory organs
what is reception - correct answer ✔✔ability to experience recognize and organize and interpret sensory
stimuli
sensory perception - correct answer ✔✔ability to receive sensory impression and through optical
association relate the stimula to past experiences and form an impression of the nature of the stimulus
cognition - correct answer ✔✔all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering,
and communicating
what is a potential effect of diuretics? - correct answer ✔✔hypokalemia
what is hypokalemia - correct answer ✔✔A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L.
best way to monitor hypervolemia? - correct answer ✔✔daily weights
how much fluid is lost a day via sweat? - correct answer ✔✔900mL
how much fluid a day is lost via the kidneys? - correct answer ✔✔1500mL
what is urine specific gravity? - correct answer ✔✔Specific gravity evaluates the kidney's ability to
regulate fluid balance & evaluate the hydration status of the body.
, urine specific gravity range - correct answer ✔✔1.005-1.030
lower = less concentrated, more hydrated
two major electrolytes that regulate fluid balance - correct answer ✔✔sodium and chloride
3 types of skin cancer - correct answer ✔✔basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
most common skin cancer - correct answer ✔✔basal cell carcinoma
psoriasis - correct answer ✔✔chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
characteristic of herpes zoster (shingles) - correct answer ✔✔pustules
what is urolithiasis - correct answer ✔✔kidney stones
care of a client with urinary calculi - correct answer ✔✔lots of fluids, move around more, monitor I/O's,
run urine through a strainer to check for stones passing
what is an arteriovenous fistula (AVF)? - correct answer ✔✔-an artery is connected directly to a vein
-the high blood flow from the artery through the vein helps the access grow larger and stronger, making
needle insertions for dialysis easier
care of client with arteriovenous fistula - correct answer ✔✔keep access site clean, DO NOT TAKE BLOOD
PRESSURE ON THAT ARM! no blood labs either. monitor for redness or swelling
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) - correct answer ✔✔the rapid onset of inflammation of the glomerulus
of the kidney.
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) s/s - correct answer ✔✔* Gross hematuria
* Recent strep infection.
* HTN
* Mild edema
* Positive ASO titer.
caring for acute glomerulonephritis - correct answer ✔✔-rest
-restrict fluids as ordered to treat fluid retention
-limit sodium and protein as ordered
Medications: Administer antihypertensives, diuretics, or antibiotics as ordered
Monitoring: Monitor vital signs, blood sugar, weight, intake and output, and serum chemistries
azotemia - correct answer ✔✔presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood
azotemia s/s - correct answer ✔✔Not peeing a lot.
fatigue
confusion
ANSWERS & COMPREHENSIVE NURSING REVIEW
which degree burns require skin grafts? - correct answer ✔✔3rd and 4th degree
what is conductive hearing loss - correct answer ✔✔hearing loss that is due to diminished sound
reaching middle and inner ear.
sensorineural hearing loss - correct answer ✔✔the most common form of hearing loss, also called nerve
deafness; caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves
manières disease - correct answer ✔✔tinnitus, vertigo, unilateral fluctuating hearing loss. nausea
vomiting or diaphoresis may occur. cause is unknown. meds are used to control symptoms
otosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔conductive hearing loss that occurs when osicles become softened,
spongy, highly vascular and partially or totally fixed. TX=H
acoustic neuroma - correct answer ✔✔benign tumor on the auditory nerve (8th cranial nerve) that
causes vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss
ottis media - correct answer ✔✔inflammation or infection of the middle ear
ottis externa - correct answer ✔✔Infection of the outer ear (ear canal)
what is sensation - correct answer ✔✔ability to recieve and process stimuli through sensory organs
what is reception - correct answer ✔✔ability to experience recognize and organize and interpret sensory
stimuli
sensory perception - correct answer ✔✔ability to receive sensory impression and through optical
association relate the stimula to past experiences and form an impression of the nature of the stimulus
cognition - correct answer ✔✔all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering,
and communicating
what is a potential effect of diuretics? - correct answer ✔✔hypokalemia
what is hypokalemia - correct answer ✔✔A serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L.
best way to monitor hypervolemia? - correct answer ✔✔daily weights
how much fluid is lost a day via sweat? - correct answer ✔✔900mL
how much fluid a day is lost via the kidneys? - correct answer ✔✔1500mL
what is urine specific gravity? - correct answer ✔✔Specific gravity evaluates the kidney's ability to
regulate fluid balance & evaluate the hydration status of the body.
, urine specific gravity range - correct answer ✔✔1.005-1.030
lower = less concentrated, more hydrated
two major electrolytes that regulate fluid balance - correct answer ✔✔sodium and chloride
3 types of skin cancer - correct answer ✔✔basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma
most common skin cancer - correct answer ✔✔basal cell carcinoma
psoriasis - correct answer ✔✔chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
characteristic of herpes zoster (shingles) - correct answer ✔✔pustules
what is urolithiasis - correct answer ✔✔kidney stones
care of a client with urinary calculi - correct answer ✔✔lots of fluids, move around more, monitor I/O's,
run urine through a strainer to check for stones passing
what is an arteriovenous fistula (AVF)? - correct answer ✔✔-an artery is connected directly to a vein
-the high blood flow from the artery through the vein helps the access grow larger and stronger, making
needle insertions for dialysis easier
care of client with arteriovenous fistula - correct answer ✔✔keep access site clean, DO NOT TAKE BLOOD
PRESSURE ON THAT ARM! no blood labs either. monitor for redness or swelling
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) - correct answer ✔✔the rapid onset of inflammation of the glomerulus
of the kidney.
Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) s/s - correct answer ✔✔* Gross hematuria
* Recent strep infection.
* HTN
* Mild edema
* Positive ASO titer.
caring for acute glomerulonephritis - correct answer ✔✔-rest
-restrict fluids as ordered to treat fluid retention
-limit sodium and protein as ordered
Medications: Administer antihypertensives, diuretics, or antibiotics as ordered
Monitoring: Monitor vital signs, blood sugar, weight, intake and output, and serum chemistries
azotemia - correct answer ✔✔presence of urea or other nitrogenous elements in the blood
azotemia s/s - correct answer ✔✔Not peeing a lot.
fatigue
confusion
