Pediatric Physical ExamP a g e | 1
Pediatric Physical Pediatric Physical
Examination 2 & Health Assessment 1st Edition
by Sawyer Test Banknation & Health
Assessment 1st Edition by Sawyer Test
Bankination & Health Assessment 1st Edition
by Sawyer Test Bank
Respiratory failure can result from many causes. What condition is a specific primary cause of
inefficient gas transfer?
a. Anemia
b. Pneumothorax
c. Cystic fibrosis
d. Laryngospasm –
Correct AnswerANS: A
P a g e 1 | 121
, Pediatric Physical ExamP a g e | 2
Respiratory failure is defined as the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate
oxygenation of the blood. In primary inefficient gas transfer, there is insufficient alveolar ventilation.
Anemia, which is characterized by low hemoglobin levels, results in an inability to adequately
oxygenate the blood. Pneumothorax and cystic fibrosis are examples of restrictive lung disease.
Laryngospasm is an example of obstructive lung disease.
The nurse is caring for a child with a tracheostomy. What clinical manifestation should the nurse
recognize as an early sign of impending respiratory distress or failure?
a. Cyanosis
b. Restlessness
c. Audible stridor
d. Crowing respiration –
Correct AnswerANS: B
Signs of hypoxemia are initially subtle. Cardinal signs of impending respiratory failure include
restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. Cyanosis is a sign of severe hypoxia. Stridor and
crowing respirations are indicative of inflammation. Sternal retractions are an early but less obvious
sign.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is begun on a toddler. What pulse is usually palpated because it is the
most central and accessible?
a. Radial
b. Carotid
c. Femoral
d. Brachial –
Correct AnswerANS: B
P a g e 2 | 121
, Pediatric Physical ExamP a g e | 3
In a toddler, the carotid pulse is palpated. The radial pulse is not considered a central pulse. The
femoral pulse is not the most central and accessible. Brachial pulse is felt in infants younger than 1 year
of age.
What medication is considered to be the most useful in treating cardiac arrest?
a. Bretylium tosylate (Bretylium)
b. Xylocaine (lidocaine)
c. Adrenaline (epinephrine)
d. Naloxone (Narcan) –
Correct AnswerANS: C
Epinephrine is considered one of the most useful drugs in treating cardiac arrest. As an adrenergic
agent, it acts on both - and -receptors in the heart. Epinephrine is rapidly cleared from the
bloodstream. Bretylium is no longer used in pediatric cardiac arrest management. Lidocaine is used for
ventricular arrhythmias only. Naloxone is useful only to reverse effects of opioids.
Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a 5-year-old child should include what technique?
a. Provide one breath to every five chest compressions.
b. Provide two breaths to every 30 chest compressions.
c. Reassess the child every 10 minutes while CPR continues.
d. Evaluate the child after 50 cycles of compression and ventilation. –
Correct AnswerANS: B
Two breaths to 15 compressions is the standard for infants and children when two rescuers are
present. One breath to every five chest compressions is not the appropriate ratio for CPR in this age
group. Reassessment of the child should take place after 20 cycles or 1 minute.
A series of subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) is recommended for airway
obstruction in children older than which age?
a. 1 year
P a g e 3 | 121
, Pediatric Physical ExamP a g e | 4
b. 4 years
c. 8 years
d. 12 years –
Correct AnswerANS: A
A series of subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) is recommended for airway
obstruction in children older than 1 year. For children younger than 1 year, back blows and chest
thrusts are administered.
The mother of a toddler yells to the nurse, "Help! He is choking to death on his food!" The nurse
determines that lifesaving measures are necessary based on which finding?
a. Gagging
b. Coughing
c. Pulse over 100 beats/min
d. Inability to speak –
Correct AnswerANS: D
The inability to speak is indicative of a foreign body airway obstruction of the larynx. Abdominal thrusts
are needed for treatment of the choking child. Gagging, not obstruction, indicates irritation at the
back of the throat. Coughing does not indicate a complete airway obstruction. Tachycardia may be
present for many reasons.
The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is receiving 2 L of oxygen per nasal cannula. What
disadvantage should the nurse consider when planning care for the child?
a. The child may need to have high humidity administered with the oxygen.
b. The child may not be able to eat and drink comfortably.
c. A nasal cannula may cause an accumulation of moisture on the face.
d. A nasal cannula may cause abdominal distention. –
P a g e 4 | 121
Pediatric Physical Pediatric Physical
Examination 2 & Health Assessment 1st Edition
by Sawyer Test Banknation & Health
Assessment 1st Edition by Sawyer Test
Bankination & Health Assessment 1st Edition
by Sawyer Test Bank
Respiratory failure can result from many causes. What condition is a specific primary cause of
inefficient gas transfer?
a. Anemia
b. Pneumothorax
c. Cystic fibrosis
d. Laryngospasm –
Correct AnswerANS: A
P a g e 1 | 121
, Pediatric Physical ExamP a g e | 2
Respiratory failure is defined as the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate
oxygenation of the blood. In primary inefficient gas transfer, there is insufficient alveolar ventilation.
Anemia, which is characterized by low hemoglobin levels, results in an inability to adequately
oxygenate the blood. Pneumothorax and cystic fibrosis are examples of restrictive lung disease.
Laryngospasm is an example of obstructive lung disease.
The nurse is caring for a child with a tracheostomy. What clinical manifestation should the nurse
recognize as an early sign of impending respiratory distress or failure?
a. Cyanosis
b. Restlessness
c. Audible stridor
d. Crowing respiration –
Correct AnswerANS: B
Signs of hypoxemia are initially subtle. Cardinal signs of impending respiratory failure include
restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. Cyanosis is a sign of severe hypoxia. Stridor and
crowing respirations are indicative of inflammation. Sternal retractions are an early but less obvious
sign.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is begun on a toddler. What pulse is usually palpated because it is the
most central and accessible?
a. Radial
b. Carotid
c. Femoral
d. Brachial –
Correct AnswerANS: B
P a g e 2 | 121
, Pediatric Physical ExamP a g e | 3
In a toddler, the carotid pulse is palpated. The radial pulse is not considered a central pulse. The
femoral pulse is not the most central and accessible. Brachial pulse is felt in infants younger than 1 year
of age.
What medication is considered to be the most useful in treating cardiac arrest?
a. Bretylium tosylate (Bretylium)
b. Xylocaine (lidocaine)
c. Adrenaline (epinephrine)
d. Naloxone (Narcan) –
Correct AnswerANS: C
Epinephrine is considered one of the most useful drugs in treating cardiac arrest. As an adrenergic
agent, it acts on both - and -receptors in the heart. Epinephrine is rapidly cleared from the
bloodstream. Bretylium is no longer used in pediatric cardiac arrest management. Lidocaine is used for
ventricular arrhythmias only. Naloxone is useful only to reverse effects of opioids.
Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a 5-year-old child should include what technique?
a. Provide one breath to every five chest compressions.
b. Provide two breaths to every 30 chest compressions.
c. Reassess the child every 10 minutes while CPR continues.
d. Evaluate the child after 50 cycles of compression and ventilation. –
Correct AnswerANS: B
Two breaths to 15 compressions is the standard for infants and children when two rescuers are
present. One breath to every five chest compressions is not the appropriate ratio for CPR in this age
group. Reassessment of the child should take place after 20 cycles or 1 minute.
A series of subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) is recommended for airway
obstruction in children older than which age?
a. 1 year
P a g e 3 | 121
, Pediatric Physical ExamP a g e | 4
b. 4 years
c. 8 years
d. 12 years –
Correct AnswerANS: A
A series of subdiaphragmatic abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) is recommended for airway
obstruction in children older than 1 year. For children younger than 1 year, back blows and chest
thrusts are administered.
The mother of a toddler yells to the nurse, "Help! He is choking to death on his food!" The nurse
determines that lifesaving measures are necessary based on which finding?
a. Gagging
b. Coughing
c. Pulse over 100 beats/min
d. Inability to speak –
Correct AnswerANS: D
The inability to speak is indicative of a foreign body airway obstruction of the larynx. Abdominal thrusts
are needed for treatment of the choking child. Gagging, not obstruction, indicates irritation at the
back of the throat. Coughing does not indicate a complete airway obstruction. Tachycardia may be
present for many reasons.
The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is receiving 2 L of oxygen per nasal cannula. What
disadvantage should the nurse consider when planning care for the child?
a. The child may need to have high humidity administered with the oxygen.
b. The child may not be able to eat and drink comfortably.
c. A nasal cannula may cause an accumulation of moisture on the face.
d. A nasal cannula may cause abdominal distention. –
P a g e 4 | 121
