CCRP AACVPR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 UPDATED STUDY GUIDE
◉ Phytosterols. Answer: Naturally occurring sterols found in plants.
Phytosterols lower LDL cholesterol levels by competing with
cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal tract.
Sterols added to milk, margarine, orange juice, olive oil, cheese, bread
◉ fruits and vegetable. Answer: improve lipids, inflammation, and
endothelial function
◉ nuts. Answer: high in fat and protein (10-30%)
monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fat good for reducing CVD
reduces TC, LDL and apolipoprotein
◉ fish. Answer: high quality protein, PUFA, MUFA
fatty fish = omega 3s
lowers TG and reduce inflammation, improve endothelial function,
and limit platelet aggregation
◉ red meat. Answer: higher CVD risk and diabetes
high sat fat in non-lean red meat
,◉ white meat. Answer: lower cholesterol
◉ processed meats. Answer: high sodium and sat fat
preservatives, nitrates
◉ dairy. Answer: calcium, high quality protein, linoleic acid,
vitamins, nutrients
lower lipids and improve endothelial function
◉ non fat dairy. Answer: no SF or cholesterol and lower in cals =
keep benefits of dairy while taking away risk of CVD
◉ diet for hypertension. Answer: lower sodium diet
1500 mg vs 1000 mg reduction
DASH diet with lower sodium diet (what patient should eat vs what
they shouldn't eat)
taste buds adapt to lower sodium diet
◉ weight loss and HTN. Answer: per 22 lbs, SBP decreases by 5-20
mmHg
3-5% weight loss in six months
◉ alcohol and HTN. Answer: immediate effect is vasodilation, but
high blood alcohol levels increase BP short term
,women: less than or equal to one drinks per day lowers BP by 2-4
mmHg
men: less than or equal to two drinks per day lowers BP by 2-4 mmHg
◉ caffeine and HTN. Answer: acute intake raises BP
higher risk of HTN=more caffeine will increase BP
safe level (200 mg - one dose) will not induce clinically relevant
change in BP, MC BF, hydration status, body temp, perceived exertion
with exercise
◉ diabetic diet and glycemic control. Answer: macro proportions
individualized
(lower moderate CHO diet is fine)
◉ diabetes and CHO. Answer: 43-46% of diet
20-40% lowers A1C, BG, 24-h insulin, FBG
HDL increases with low carb diet
TD decreases with low and mod carb diet -
40-65% (mod carb) lowers A1C
high carb (70%) vegan diet lowers LDL
◉ if patient is on insulin, the amount of CHO in the meal should
______ the dose of insulin. Answer: match
, ◉ healthful choices for CHO and diabetes. Answer: whole grain and
high fiber
◉ protein and diabetes. Answer: important component of every meal
increases insulin response without effecting BG levels
30% of diet without diabetic kidney disease
◉ fat and diabetes. Answer: high fat increases insulin resistance
MUFA/PUFA do no increase IR
reduced fat (sat fat) diet reduced A1C
◉ in patients who take insulin, meals that are high in fat may require
_____ insulin than low fat meals. Answer: more
◉ weight loss and diabetes. Answer: MNT(medical nutrition therapy)
improves BP, A1C, weight loss, and lipids
◉ heart failure and sodium. Answer: lower sodium recommendation
than gen pop
less than 2000 mg and less than 2 L water consumed
◉ optimal treatment for HF. Answer: ACE inhibitors, diuretics, fluid
restriciton
restore intracellular volume and renal blood flow
2026/2027 UPDATED STUDY GUIDE
◉ Phytosterols. Answer: Naturally occurring sterols found in plants.
Phytosterols lower LDL cholesterol levels by competing with
cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal tract.
Sterols added to milk, margarine, orange juice, olive oil, cheese, bread
◉ fruits and vegetable. Answer: improve lipids, inflammation, and
endothelial function
◉ nuts. Answer: high in fat and protein (10-30%)
monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fat good for reducing CVD
reduces TC, LDL and apolipoprotein
◉ fish. Answer: high quality protein, PUFA, MUFA
fatty fish = omega 3s
lowers TG and reduce inflammation, improve endothelial function,
and limit platelet aggregation
◉ red meat. Answer: higher CVD risk and diabetes
high sat fat in non-lean red meat
,◉ white meat. Answer: lower cholesterol
◉ processed meats. Answer: high sodium and sat fat
preservatives, nitrates
◉ dairy. Answer: calcium, high quality protein, linoleic acid,
vitamins, nutrients
lower lipids and improve endothelial function
◉ non fat dairy. Answer: no SF or cholesterol and lower in cals =
keep benefits of dairy while taking away risk of CVD
◉ diet for hypertension. Answer: lower sodium diet
1500 mg vs 1000 mg reduction
DASH diet with lower sodium diet (what patient should eat vs what
they shouldn't eat)
taste buds adapt to lower sodium diet
◉ weight loss and HTN. Answer: per 22 lbs, SBP decreases by 5-20
mmHg
3-5% weight loss in six months
◉ alcohol and HTN. Answer: immediate effect is vasodilation, but
high blood alcohol levels increase BP short term
,women: less than or equal to one drinks per day lowers BP by 2-4
mmHg
men: less than or equal to two drinks per day lowers BP by 2-4 mmHg
◉ caffeine and HTN. Answer: acute intake raises BP
higher risk of HTN=more caffeine will increase BP
safe level (200 mg - one dose) will not induce clinically relevant
change in BP, MC BF, hydration status, body temp, perceived exertion
with exercise
◉ diabetic diet and glycemic control. Answer: macro proportions
individualized
(lower moderate CHO diet is fine)
◉ diabetes and CHO. Answer: 43-46% of diet
20-40% lowers A1C, BG, 24-h insulin, FBG
HDL increases with low carb diet
TD decreases with low and mod carb diet -
40-65% (mod carb) lowers A1C
high carb (70%) vegan diet lowers LDL
◉ if patient is on insulin, the amount of CHO in the meal should
______ the dose of insulin. Answer: match
, ◉ healthful choices for CHO and diabetes. Answer: whole grain and
high fiber
◉ protein and diabetes. Answer: important component of every meal
increases insulin response without effecting BG levels
30% of diet without diabetic kidney disease
◉ fat and diabetes. Answer: high fat increases insulin resistance
MUFA/PUFA do no increase IR
reduced fat (sat fat) diet reduced A1C
◉ in patients who take insulin, meals that are high in fat may require
_____ insulin than low fat meals. Answer: more
◉ weight loss and diabetes. Answer: MNT(medical nutrition therapy)
improves BP, A1C, weight loss, and lipids
◉ heart failure and sodium. Answer: lower sodium recommendation
than gen pop
less than 2000 mg and less than 2 L water consumed
◉ optimal treatment for HF. Answer: ACE inhibitors, diuretics, fluid
restriciton
restore intracellular volume and renal blood flow
