NR 566 Final Exam 2026 Latest Update
Questions And Well-Detailed Answers ,Exam
For Nursing
,1st
These are side effects of which generation antihistamine?
sedation/CNS depression- avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants which will exacerbate effect,
cross BBB because they are small molecules that are highly lipid soluble, dizziness,
incoordination, confusion, fatigue, paradoxical excitation/CNS stimulation- insomnia,
nervousness, tremors, seizures, GI upset- N/V/D, loss of appetite (admin w/ food)
CNS stimulation most often occur in children and OD
anticholinergic s/e- ex. dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, constipation, palpitations
Ex.) Alkylamines- brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine, Ethanolamines-
clemastine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine
Phenothiazine- promethazine, piperazine- hydroxyzine
Sedation worst w/ ethanolamines & phenothiazines
Less sedating= alkylamines
2nd
Which generation antihistamine is this?
Less sedating than 1st generation d/t low affinity for h1 receptors in CNS & large molecular
structure that can't pass BBB, minimal anticholinergic s/e
Ex.) cetirizine, levocetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine
Anthihistamines
Lifespan considerations for which medication class?
Children- promethazine & carbinoxamine are contraindicated under 2 d/t respiratory depression
Pregnancy- debated if antihistamines are safe or not, use only if benefits outweigh risks
Breastfeeding- occasional small doses don't cause infant sedation, use caution
Older adults- safer to use 2nd gen to avoid anticholinergic s/e, both generations can worsen BPH,
glaucoma & gastroparesis, first-gen listed in BEERS criteria
Caution in pts w/ asthma d/t thickening of bronchial secretions may impair breathing
Antihistamines
Which medication class is this?
Aka H1 blockers/antagonists
MOA: bind selectively to H1-histaminic receptors -> blocking actions of antihistamine at these
sites
First-gen can also block muscarinic receptors causing anticholinergic s/e
Indications: insomnia, nausea, motion sickness, allergic disorders (often fail to produce complete
relief)- rhinitis, conjunctivitis
Glucocorticoids
, This is patient education for which medication class?
At risk for adrenal suppression if using glucocorticoids for over 3wks, if pt has adrenal
suppression they will need additional glucocorticoids during times of stress, admin w/ milk or
snack to decrease GI s/s, take in the morning to mimic natural hormone release & prevent
insomnia, wear medical alert bracelet, educate on s/s of fluid retention & hypokalemia, frequent
eye exams, interact w/ NSAIDs to increase risk of GI bleeding/ulcer, promote eating potassium-
rich foods (potatoes, white beans, bananas), don't suddenly stop tx
Glucocorticoids
These are s/e for which medication class?
Inhibit bone growth in children, osteoporosis,
teratogenic- cleft palate in 1st trimester & hypoadrenalism in later pregnancy, adrenal
insufficiency- pituitary loses ability to manufacturer ACTH & adrenal glands atrophy, alternate-
day dosing can decrease risk
, GI ulcers- if occurs then d/c slowly if possible, increased risk of infxn, impaired wound healing,
hyperglycemia, myopathy/weakness, sodium/water retention & potassium loss, cataracts, open-
angle glaucoma, ocular HTN, PUD,
iatrogenic cushing syndrome- hyperglycemia, glycosuria, f&e imbalance, redistribution of fat to
abd/face/posterior neck, striae
Psych- insomnia, anxiety, agitation, irritability, delirium, hallucinations, depression, euphoria,
mania, SI
Glucocorticoids
This are the half-lives of which medication class?
Short acting- Cortisone & hydrocortisone 8-12hrs
Intermediate acting- prednisone/olone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone 18-36hrs
Long acting- betamethasone & dexamethasone 36-54hrs
Oseltamivir
These are indications for which drug?
Approved for prevention/tx of influenza A & B, can reduce symptom severity and complications,
can be used in pregnancy, should be started within 2 days of s/s onset
Intranasal cromolyn sodium
This is administration guidelines for which medication?
Used for tx of allergic/non-allergic rhinitis, & chronic rhinosinusitis
Comes in metered dose inhaler and use one spray in each nostril 4-6x a day, should be dosed on
regular schedule throughout allergy season
If congestion is present use topical decongestant beforehand
Sympathomimetics
Which medication class is this?
Aka decongestants
MOA= activate a1-adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels -> vasoconstriction & shrink
swollen membranes
Topical admin occurs rapidly & intense
oral admin responses are delayed, moderate, & prolonged
Ex.) phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline
Intranasal corticosteroids
Questions And Well-Detailed Answers ,Exam
For Nursing
,1st
These are side effects of which generation antihistamine?
sedation/CNS depression- avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants which will exacerbate effect,
cross BBB because they are small molecules that are highly lipid soluble, dizziness,
incoordination, confusion, fatigue, paradoxical excitation/CNS stimulation- insomnia,
nervousness, tremors, seizures, GI upset- N/V/D, loss of appetite (admin w/ food)
CNS stimulation most often occur in children and OD
anticholinergic s/e- ex. dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, constipation, palpitations
Ex.) Alkylamines- brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine, Ethanolamines-
clemastine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine
Phenothiazine- promethazine, piperazine- hydroxyzine
Sedation worst w/ ethanolamines & phenothiazines
Less sedating= alkylamines
2nd
Which generation antihistamine is this?
Less sedating than 1st generation d/t low affinity for h1 receptors in CNS & large molecular
structure that can't pass BBB, minimal anticholinergic s/e
Ex.) cetirizine, levocetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine
Anthihistamines
Lifespan considerations for which medication class?
Children- promethazine & carbinoxamine are contraindicated under 2 d/t respiratory depression
Pregnancy- debated if antihistamines are safe or not, use only if benefits outweigh risks
Breastfeeding- occasional small doses don't cause infant sedation, use caution
Older adults- safer to use 2nd gen to avoid anticholinergic s/e, both generations can worsen BPH,
glaucoma & gastroparesis, first-gen listed in BEERS criteria
Caution in pts w/ asthma d/t thickening of bronchial secretions may impair breathing
Antihistamines
Which medication class is this?
Aka H1 blockers/antagonists
MOA: bind selectively to H1-histaminic receptors -> blocking actions of antihistamine at these
sites
First-gen can also block muscarinic receptors causing anticholinergic s/e
Indications: insomnia, nausea, motion sickness, allergic disorders (often fail to produce complete
relief)- rhinitis, conjunctivitis
Glucocorticoids
, This is patient education for which medication class?
At risk for adrenal suppression if using glucocorticoids for over 3wks, if pt has adrenal
suppression they will need additional glucocorticoids during times of stress, admin w/ milk or
snack to decrease GI s/s, take in the morning to mimic natural hormone release & prevent
insomnia, wear medical alert bracelet, educate on s/s of fluid retention & hypokalemia, frequent
eye exams, interact w/ NSAIDs to increase risk of GI bleeding/ulcer, promote eating potassium-
rich foods (potatoes, white beans, bananas), don't suddenly stop tx
Glucocorticoids
These are s/e for which medication class?
Inhibit bone growth in children, osteoporosis,
teratogenic- cleft palate in 1st trimester & hypoadrenalism in later pregnancy, adrenal
insufficiency- pituitary loses ability to manufacturer ACTH & adrenal glands atrophy, alternate-
day dosing can decrease risk
, GI ulcers- if occurs then d/c slowly if possible, increased risk of infxn, impaired wound healing,
hyperglycemia, myopathy/weakness, sodium/water retention & potassium loss, cataracts, open-
angle glaucoma, ocular HTN, PUD,
iatrogenic cushing syndrome- hyperglycemia, glycosuria, f&e imbalance, redistribution of fat to
abd/face/posterior neck, striae
Psych- insomnia, anxiety, agitation, irritability, delirium, hallucinations, depression, euphoria,
mania, SI
Glucocorticoids
This are the half-lives of which medication class?
Short acting- Cortisone & hydrocortisone 8-12hrs
Intermediate acting- prednisone/olone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone 18-36hrs
Long acting- betamethasone & dexamethasone 36-54hrs
Oseltamivir
These are indications for which drug?
Approved for prevention/tx of influenza A & B, can reduce symptom severity and complications,
can be used in pregnancy, should be started within 2 days of s/s onset
Intranasal cromolyn sodium
This is administration guidelines for which medication?
Used for tx of allergic/non-allergic rhinitis, & chronic rhinosinusitis
Comes in metered dose inhaler and use one spray in each nostril 4-6x a day, should be dosed on
regular schedule throughout allergy season
If congestion is present use topical decongestant beforehand
Sympathomimetics
Which medication class is this?
Aka decongestants
MOA= activate a1-adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels -> vasoconstriction & shrink
swollen membranes
Topical admin occurs rapidly & intense
oral admin responses are delayed, moderate, & prolonged
Ex.) phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline, tetrahydrozoline
Intranasal corticosteroids
