BIOS 255 Endocrine System Exam
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
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1. Which gland is often referred to as the “master gland” because it
regulates the activity of several other endocrine glands?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pineal gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is commonly called the master gland
because its hormones regulate several other endocrine organs,
including the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads. Its activity is itself
controlled largely by the hypothalamus.
2. Which structure connects the nervous system with the endocrine
system?
,A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Hypothalamus
D. Corpus callosum
Rationale: The hypothalamus serves as a major link between the
nervous and endocrine systems. It produces regulatory hormones that
control the anterior pituitary and produces oxytocin and antidiuretic
hormone, which are stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
3. Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Oxytocin
C. Melatonin
D. Growth hormone
Rationale: Growth hormone is produced and secreted by the anterior
pituitary. ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and
released from the posterior pituitary.
4. Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and
release thyroid hormones?
,A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C. Growth hormone
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Rationale: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), produced by the anterior
pituitary, stimulates thyroid follicular cells to synthesize and release
primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
5. Which hormone primarily increases blood glucose concentration?
A. Insulin
B. Calcitonin
C. Glucagon
D. Melatonin
Rationale: Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells and raises
blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown and glucose
production in the liver. Insulin generally has the opposite effect.
6. Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
, C. Delta cells
D. Acinar cells
Rationale: Beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin. Insulin
promotes glucose uptake and storage, thereby lowering blood glucose
concentration.
7. Which pancreatic cells secrete glucagon?
A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
C. Delta cells
D. Follicular cells
Rationale: Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon.
Glucagon is particularly important during fasting because it helps
maintain blood glucose by promoting hepatic glycogenolysis and
gluconeogenesis.
8. Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and helps lower
blood calcium levels?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Aldosterone
Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationale 2027 Q&A|
Instant Download Pdf
1. Which gland is often referred to as the “master gland” because it
regulates the activity of several other endocrine glands?
A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pineal gland
Rationale: The pituitary gland is commonly called the master gland
because its hormones regulate several other endocrine organs,
including the thyroid, adrenal cortex, and gonads. Its activity is itself
controlled largely by the hypothalamus.
2. Which structure connects the nervous system with the endocrine
system?
,A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Hypothalamus
D. Corpus callosum
Rationale: The hypothalamus serves as a major link between the
nervous and endocrine systems. It produces regulatory hormones that
control the anterior pituitary and produces oxytocin and antidiuretic
hormone, which are stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
3. Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Oxytocin
C. Melatonin
D. Growth hormone
Rationale: Growth hormone is produced and secreted by the anterior
pituitary. ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and
released from the posterior pituitary.
4. Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and
release thyroid hormones?
,A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C. Growth hormone
D. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Rationale: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), produced by the anterior
pituitary, stimulates thyroid follicular cells to synthesize and release
primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
5. Which hormone primarily increases blood glucose concentration?
A. Insulin
B. Calcitonin
C. Glucagon
D. Melatonin
Rationale: Glucagon is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells and raises
blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown and glucose
production in the liver. Insulin generally has the opposite effect.
6. Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
, C. Delta cells
D. Acinar cells
Rationale: Beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin. Insulin
promotes glucose uptake and storage, thereby lowering blood glucose
concentration.
7. Which pancreatic cells secrete glucagon?
A. Alpha cells
B. Beta cells
C. Delta cells
D. Follicular cells
Rationale: Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets secrete glucagon.
Glucagon is particularly important during fasting because it helps
maintain blood glucose by promoting hepatic glycogenolysis and
gluconeogenesis.
8. Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and helps lower
blood calcium levels?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Aldosterone
