NUR 257 CHRONIC HEALTH EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A patient with Chronic Heart Failure is prescribed Digoxin. Which clinical manifestation
should the nurse recognize as an early sign of Digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Increased urinary output
C. Blurred or yellow-tinted vision
D. Sinus tachycardia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include gastrointestinal symptoms
(nausea, vomiting) and visual disturbances such as blurred or yellow-green halos around
lights.
2. When managing a patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which HbA1c level is the general
target for most non-pregnant adults to reduce the risk of microvascular complications?
A. Less than 8.0%
B. Less than 7.0%
C. Between 7.5% and 8.5%
,D. Less than 5.5%
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The American Diabetes Association generally recommends a
target HbA1c of less than 7% for most non-pregnant adults to minimize chronic
complications.
3. A patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is experiencing acute
dyspnea. Which oxygen delivery method should the nurse utilize to provide a precise
concentration of oxygen?
A. Venturi mask
B. Non-rebreather mask
C. Simple face mask
D. Nasal cannula
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Venturi mask is the most accurate device for delivering a
specific concentration of oxygen, which is critical for COPD patients who rely on a hypoxic
drive.
4. In a patient with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which dietary restriction is most
critical to prevent cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Potassium restriction
, B. Fluid restriction
C. Sodium restriction
D. Calcium restriction
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia is a serious complication of CKD because the
kidneys cannot excrete potassium effectively, leading to life-threatening cardiac
arrhythmias.
5. A nurse is providing discharge education to a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) who is
starting Methotrexate. Which instruction is a priority?
A. Expect hair growth as a common side effect.
B. Take the medication with a high-calcium meal.
C. Drink 4-6 glasses of water daily.
D. Avoid crowds and people who are sick.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant that increases the risk
of infection. Patients must be taught to avoid infections and report fever immediately.
6. A patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is prescribed Hydroxychloroquine.
Which regular screening is essential for this patient?
A. Bone density scan
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A patient with Chronic Heart Failure is prescribed Digoxin. Which clinical manifestation
should the nurse recognize as an early sign of Digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Increased urinary output
C. Blurred or yellow-tinted vision
D. Sinus tachycardia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Early signs of digoxin toxicity include gastrointestinal symptoms
(nausea, vomiting) and visual disturbances such as blurred or yellow-green halos around
lights.
2. When managing a patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which HbA1c level is the general
target for most non-pregnant adults to reduce the risk of microvascular complications?
A. Less than 8.0%
B. Less than 7.0%
C. Between 7.5% and 8.5%
,D. Less than 5.5%
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The American Diabetes Association generally recommends a
target HbA1c of less than 7% for most non-pregnant adults to minimize chronic
complications.
3. A patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is experiencing acute
dyspnea. Which oxygen delivery method should the nurse utilize to provide a precise
concentration of oxygen?
A. Venturi mask
B. Non-rebreather mask
C. Simple face mask
D. Nasal cannula
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Venturi mask is the most accurate device for delivering a
specific concentration of oxygen, which is critical for COPD patients who rely on a hypoxic
drive.
4. In a patient with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which dietary restriction is most
critical to prevent cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Potassium restriction
, B. Fluid restriction
C. Sodium restriction
D. Calcium restriction
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperkalemia is a serious complication of CKD because the
kidneys cannot excrete potassium effectively, leading to life-threatening cardiac
arrhythmias.
5. A nurse is providing discharge education to a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) who is
starting Methotrexate. Which instruction is a priority?
A. Expect hair growth as a common side effect.
B. Take the medication with a high-calcium meal.
C. Drink 4-6 glasses of water daily.
D. Avoid crowds and people who are sick.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant that increases the risk
of infection. Patients must be taught to avoid infections and report fever immediately.
6. A patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is prescribed Hydroxychloroquine.
Which regular screening is essential for this patient?
A. Bone density scan
