CWCA NEWEST 2026/2027 EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ AND 100% GUARANTEE PASS
A basic principle of wound care with occlusive dressings is to keep the wound - ANSWER Warm and
moist
Occlusive dressings should keep the wound warm and moist. Reduction in dehydration allows cells
such as neutrophils and fibroblasts to carry out their functions in wound repair.
A bedridden patient develops a coccygeal ulcer from repeatedly sliding down in the bed when the
head of the bed is elevated 45. The primary mechanism that probably caused the ulcer is - ANSWER
Shear
Which occurs when the skin stays in place and the underlying tissue in the deep fascia over the bony
prominences stretches and slides, damaging vessels and tissue and often resulting in undermining.
Shear is one of the most common causes of ulcers, which are often described as pressure ulcers but
are technically somewhat different, although the effects of shearing are often combined with
pressure. The most common cause of shear is elevation of the head of the bed over 30 degrees.
A chronic ulcer resulting from peripheral vascular insufficiency may remain in which stage of healing
for prolonged periods? - ANSWER Inflammatory.
A large open wound on the patient's leg is contaminated with dirt, gravel, and other debris. The BEST
approach to cleansing is - ANSWER Hand debridement, large volume irrigation, and pulsatile lavage.
Foreign material should be removed by hand debridement from a large open contaminated wound
followed by large-volume irrigation at 5-8 psi and pulsatile lavage in order to reduce the risk of
infection.
A patient has a wound on the right hip with tunneling and fistulae. Which of the following is MOST
indicative of an abscess formation? - ANSWER An abscess often forms in conjunction with fistulae.
Typical indications include erythema, pain, and swelling above the localized area of the abscess.
A patient has controlled bilateral peripheral pitting edema and brownish discoloration of skin around
the ankles and anterior tibial areas. To reduce risk of ulcerations, the patient should be advised to -
ANSWER Wear compression stockings
, Therapeutic compression stockings are used to prevent ulceration in those with varicose veins and
stable venous insufficiency (indicated by brownish discoloration) after edema is controlled or with
existing ulcers when edema recedes.
A patient has marked bilateral non-pitting edema of both lower legs and feet, including toes, and has
thickening of the skin but no pigmentation. This edema can MOST likely be characterized as -
ANSWER Lymphedema
Hard, non-pitting edema with skin thickening but no pigmentation. Edema usually includes feet and
toes and often occurs bilaterally.
A patient has second- and third-degree burns on 30% of the body and is in severe pain. Which
method of debridement is MOST indicated? - ANSWER Surgical debridement is most commonly used
when very large amounts of tissue must be debrided, such as with extensive burns, or when there is
a serious infection and immediate debridement is needed in order to effectively treat the wound
infection.
A patient is receiving maggot debridement therapy for debridement of an infected pressure ulcer
that has not responded to standard treatment. Which of the following is MOST important during
treatment? - ANSWER Maggots must have an oxygen supply
Because maggots are living things, they must have an oxygen supply, so they cannot be covered with
hydrogels or other occlusive dressings. Maggots are applied to an open wound, but should not be
applied to exposed vessels as they may cause bleeding. A special cage is applied to encase the
maggots and allow air to circulate. The maggots are left in place for 48 hours and then wiped out
with gauze and the wound irrigated with NS.
A patient with diabetic ulcers has Hgb A1C of 9.2% with an estimated average glucose (eAG) of 217.
The patient should be advised to maintain diabetic control to keep the Hgb A1C at - ANSWER <7%
Generally, diabetics are advised to maint the A1C at under 7%.
A solid skin barrier wafer with a pouch is applied to a copiously draining wound, but the skin beneath
the wafer has become denuded. The BEST initial solution is to: - ANSWER A skin barrier powder is
used as an initial barrier on denuded skin to provde an adherent base for ointments, pastes, or solid
skin adhesive barriers.
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ AND 100% GUARANTEE PASS
A basic principle of wound care with occlusive dressings is to keep the wound - ANSWER Warm and
moist
Occlusive dressings should keep the wound warm and moist. Reduction in dehydration allows cells
such as neutrophils and fibroblasts to carry out their functions in wound repair.
A bedridden patient develops a coccygeal ulcer from repeatedly sliding down in the bed when the
head of the bed is elevated 45. The primary mechanism that probably caused the ulcer is - ANSWER
Shear
Which occurs when the skin stays in place and the underlying tissue in the deep fascia over the bony
prominences stretches and slides, damaging vessels and tissue and often resulting in undermining.
Shear is one of the most common causes of ulcers, which are often described as pressure ulcers but
are technically somewhat different, although the effects of shearing are often combined with
pressure. The most common cause of shear is elevation of the head of the bed over 30 degrees.
A chronic ulcer resulting from peripheral vascular insufficiency may remain in which stage of healing
for prolonged periods? - ANSWER Inflammatory.
A large open wound on the patient's leg is contaminated with dirt, gravel, and other debris. The BEST
approach to cleansing is - ANSWER Hand debridement, large volume irrigation, and pulsatile lavage.
Foreign material should be removed by hand debridement from a large open contaminated wound
followed by large-volume irrigation at 5-8 psi and pulsatile lavage in order to reduce the risk of
infection.
A patient has a wound on the right hip with tunneling and fistulae. Which of the following is MOST
indicative of an abscess formation? - ANSWER An abscess often forms in conjunction with fistulae.
Typical indications include erythema, pain, and swelling above the localized area of the abscess.
A patient has controlled bilateral peripheral pitting edema and brownish discoloration of skin around
the ankles and anterior tibial areas. To reduce risk of ulcerations, the patient should be advised to -
ANSWER Wear compression stockings
, Therapeutic compression stockings are used to prevent ulceration in those with varicose veins and
stable venous insufficiency (indicated by brownish discoloration) after edema is controlled or with
existing ulcers when edema recedes.
A patient has marked bilateral non-pitting edema of both lower legs and feet, including toes, and has
thickening of the skin but no pigmentation. This edema can MOST likely be characterized as -
ANSWER Lymphedema
Hard, non-pitting edema with skin thickening but no pigmentation. Edema usually includes feet and
toes and often occurs bilaterally.
A patient has second- and third-degree burns on 30% of the body and is in severe pain. Which
method of debridement is MOST indicated? - ANSWER Surgical debridement is most commonly used
when very large amounts of tissue must be debrided, such as with extensive burns, or when there is
a serious infection and immediate debridement is needed in order to effectively treat the wound
infection.
A patient is receiving maggot debridement therapy for debridement of an infected pressure ulcer
that has not responded to standard treatment. Which of the following is MOST important during
treatment? - ANSWER Maggots must have an oxygen supply
Because maggots are living things, they must have an oxygen supply, so they cannot be covered with
hydrogels or other occlusive dressings. Maggots are applied to an open wound, but should not be
applied to exposed vessels as they may cause bleeding. A special cage is applied to encase the
maggots and allow air to circulate. The maggots are left in place for 48 hours and then wiped out
with gauze and the wound irrigated with NS.
A patient with diabetic ulcers has Hgb A1C of 9.2% with an estimated average glucose (eAG) of 217.
The patient should be advised to maintain diabetic control to keep the Hgb A1C at - ANSWER <7%
Generally, diabetics are advised to maint the A1C at under 7%.
A solid skin barrier wafer with a pouch is applied to a copiously draining wound, but the skin beneath
the wafer has become denuded. The BEST initial solution is to: - ANSWER A skin barrier powder is
used as an initial barrier on denuded skin to provde an adherent base for ointments, pastes, or solid
skin adhesive barriers.
