EXAM 2026|2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM
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What are the main screening tools for substance use
disorders? – ANSWER-AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders
Identification Test) - Identifies hazardous drinking
CAGE Questionnaire - 4-question screening for alcohol
dependence SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and
Referral to Treatment) - Framework for early intervention
What questions make up the CAGE questionnaire? - ANSWER-
Have you ever felt you should Cut down on drinking?
Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
Have you ever felt Guilty about your drinking?
Have you ever needed a drink first thing in the morning (Eye-
opener) to calm nerves?
What is a positive CAGE score? - ANSWER-2 or more "yes"
answers suggest
possible alcohol
dependence.
What is the relationship between substance use and
psychiatric disorders? -
,ANSWER-High rates of co-occurring depression,
anxiety, PTSD, and
schizophrenia
Substance use can exacerbate mental illness
symptoms
Self-medication hypothesis: People use substances to
relieve psychiatric
symptoms
What are risk factors for co-occurring disorders, substance use
and psychiatric
disorders? - ANSWER-Early trauma and ACEs
(Adverse Childhood
Experiences)
Family history of substance use or
mental illness
Lack of social
support
What are treatment considerations for first-episode psychosis
(FEP) and
substance use? - ANSWER-Avoid high-dose
antipsychotics Consider clozapine for treatment-
resistant psychosis with SUD
Integrated treatment for both disorders improves outcomes
What is unique about substance use in adolescents? -
ANSWER-Higher risk of
,long-term addiction due to
neurodevelopmental changes
Common substances: Alcohol, cannabis,
nicotine, stimulants
Screen using CRAFFT
questionnaire
What are considerations for substance use disorders in LGBTQ
populations? -
ANSWER-Higher rates due to stigma, discrimination,
minority stress
Increased risk of opioid misuse and alcohol
use disorders
Need for affirmative and
inclusive care
What medications are FDA-approved for alcohol use disorder
(AUD)? - ANSWER-Naltrexone - Reduces cravings and blocks
rewarding effects of alcohol
Acamprosate - Restores neurotransmitter balance to reduce
cravings
Disulfiram - Causes aversive reaction when alcohol is
consumed
What laboratory findings are associated with chronic alcohol
use? - ANSWER-
Elevated AST/ALT (AST > ALT) - Liver
damage
, Macrocytosis (MCV > 100 fL) - Due to vitamin
B12/folate deficiency
Thiamine deficiency - Risk of Wernicke-
Korsakoff syndrome
What lab abnormalities are common in opioid use
disorder? - ANSWER-
Elevated CK (creatine kinase) - Rhabdomyolysis
in overdose
Hypoxia - Due to respiratory
depression
Low testosterone levels - Due to chronic
opioid use
What are common screening tools for alcohol use disorder? -
ANSWER-AUDIT
(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) - Identifies
hazardous drinking
CAGE questionnaire - 4-question screening for alcohol
dependence (Cut down,
Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener)
CIWA-Ar (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol)
- Assesses alcohol withdrawal severity
What are common screening tools for opioid use disorder? -
ANSWER-ORT
(Opioid Risk Tool) - Assesses risk of opioid misuse
SOAPP (Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with
Pain) - Evaluates risk of opioid abuse in chronic pain patients