IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE APHY 101 – ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY I & NRSG 100 – FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
COMPREHENSIVE BANK NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: APHY 101 – ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY, BODY ORGANIZATION, &
HOMEOSTASIS
Questions 1-40
Q1. What is the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
A) Anatomy studies molecules; physiology studies cells
B) Anatomy studies the structure of body parts; physiology studies the function of
body parts
C) Anatomy studies diseases; physiology studies treatments
D) There is no difference; they are the same
Answer: B
Rationale: Anatomy is the study of structure ("what it is"), while physiology is the
study of function ("what it does"). They are closely related because structure
usually dictates function. For example, the structure of the heart (four chambers,
valves) directly relates to its function of pumping blood.
Q2. A patient is standing in the anatomical position. The palms of the hands are
facing:
A) Medially
B) Laterally
C) Anteriorly
D) Posteriorly
Answer: C
1
,Rationale: In the standard anatomical position, the body is erect, feet slightly
apart, arms at the sides, and the palms face forward (anteriorly). This orientation
ensures consistent directional references for all anatomical descriptions.
Q3. The liver is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?
A) Left upper quadrant
B) Right upper quadrant
C) Left lower quadrant
D) Right lower quadrant
Answer: B
Rationale: The liver primarily occupies the right upper quadrant (RUQ), along with
the gallbladder, duodenum, and portions of the large intestine. This is clinically
relevant for assessing abdominal pain.
Q4. Which directional term best describes the relationship of the knee to the
ankle?
A) Distal
B) Proximal
C) Lateral
D) Medial
Answer: B
Rationale: The knee is closer to the point of attachment of the leg to the trunk
(the hip) than the ankle is; thus, the knee is proximal to the ankle. Proximal means
closer to the origin or point of attachment.
Q5. A plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves is called:
A) Parasagittal
B) Midsagittal (median)
2
,C) Frontal
D) Transverse
Answer: B
Rationale: The midsagittal (or median) plane divides the body into equal left and
right halves. A parasagittal plane divides the body into unequal left and right
portions.
Q6. The lungs are ______ to the heart.
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Superior
D) Proximal
Answer: B
Rationale: Lateral means away from the midline. The lungs are positioned on the
sides of the heart, making them lateral to the heart. The heart is medial to the
lungs.
Q7. Which directional term means "toward the head" or "above"?
A) Inferior
B) Caudal
C) Cephalic (or Superior)
D) Ventral
Answer: C
Rationale: Cephalic (or superior) refers to a structure being closer to the head
than another. Inferior means below; caudal means toward the tailbone; ventral
means toward the belly/front.
3
, Q8. The serous membrane lining the wall of the abdominal cavity is called the:
A) Visceral peritoneum
B) Parietal peritoneum
C) Visceral pleura
D) Parietal pleura
Answer: B
Rationale: The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall, while the visceral
peritoneum covers the organs. Parietal refers to the wall; visceral refers to the
organs.
Q9. What is the basic unit of life?
A) The atom
B) The tissue
C) The cell
D) The organ
Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living
organisms. All living things are composed of cells, and all physiological processes
ultimately occur at the cellular level.
Q10. The correct structural hierarchy of the human body from simplest to most
complex is:
A) Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
B) Cellular → Chemical → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
C) Tissue → Cellular → Chemical → Organ → Organ System → Organism
D) Chemical → Tissue → Cellular → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Answer: A
4
PHYSIOLOGY I & NRSG 100 – FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
COMPREHENSIVE BANK NEWEST 2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM
COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
SECTION 1: APHY 101 – ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY, BODY ORGANIZATION, &
HOMEOSTASIS
Questions 1-40
Q1. What is the primary difference between anatomy and physiology?
A) Anatomy studies molecules; physiology studies cells
B) Anatomy studies the structure of body parts; physiology studies the function of
body parts
C) Anatomy studies diseases; physiology studies treatments
D) There is no difference; they are the same
Answer: B
Rationale: Anatomy is the study of structure ("what it is"), while physiology is the
study of function ("what it does"). They are closely related because structure
usually dictates function. For example, the structure of the heart (four chambers,
valves) directly relates to its function of pumping blood.
Q2. A patient is standing in the anatomical position. The palms of the hands are
facing:
A) Medially
B) Laterally
C) Anteriorly
D) Posteriorly
Answer: C
1
,Rationale: In the standard anatomical position, the body is erect, feet slightly
apart, arms at the sides, and the palms face forward (anteriorly). This orientation
ensures consistent directional references for all anatomical descriptions.
Q3. The liver is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?
A) Left upper quadrant
B) Right upper quadrant
C) Left lower quadrant
D) Right lower quadrant
Answer: B
Rationale: The liver primarily occupies the right upper quadrant (RUQ), along with
the gallbladder, duodenum, and portions of the large intestine. This is clinically
relevant for assessing abdominal pain.
Q4. Which directional term best describes the relationship of the knee to the
ankle?
A) Distal
B) Proximal
C) Lateral
D) Medial
Answer: B
Rationale: The knee is closer to the point of attachment of the leg to the trunk
(the hip) than the ankle is; thus, the knee is proximal to the ankle. Proximal means
closer to the origin or point of attachment.
Q5. A plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves is called:
A) Parasagittal
B) Midsagittal (median)
2
,C) Frontal
D) Transverse
Answer: B
Rationale: The midsagittal (or median) plane divides the body into equal left and
right halves. A parasagittal plane divides the body into unequal left and right
portions.
Q6. The lungs are ______ to the heart.
A) Medial
B) Lateral
C) Superior
D) Proximal
Answer: B
Rationale: Lateral means away from the midline. The lungs are positioned on the
sides of the heart, making them lateral to the heart. The heart is medial to the
lungs.
Q7. Which directional term means "toward the head" or "above"?
A) Inferior
B) Caudal
C) Cephalic (or Superior)
D) Ventral
Answer: C
Rationale: Cephalic (or superior) refers to a structure being closer to the head
than another. Inferior means below; caudal means toward the tailbone; ventral
means toward the belly/front.
3
, Q8. The serous membrane lining the wall of the abdominal cavity is called the:
A) Visceral peritoneum
B) Parietal peritoneum
C) Visceral pleura
D) Parietal pleura
Answer: B
Rationale: The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal wall, while the visceral
peritoneum covers the organs. Parietal refers to the wall; visceral refers to the
organs.
Q9. What is the basic unit of life?
A) The atom
B) The tissue
C) The cell
D) The organ
Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living
organisms. All living things are composed of cells, and all physiological processes
ultimately occur at the cellular level.
Q10. The correct structural hierarchy of the human body from simplest to most
complex is:
A) Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
B) Cellular → Chemical → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
C) Tissue → Cellular → Chemical → Organ → Organ System → Organism
D) Chemical → Tissue → Cellular → Organ → Organ System → Organism
Answer: A
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