NURSING FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE
ASSESSMENT BANK ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: Basic Nursing Concepts & Legal/Ethical Issues (Q1-Q25)
Section 2: Infection Control & Safety (Q26-Q50)
Section 3: Vital Signs & Assessment (Q51-Q75)
Section 4: Patient Mobility & Positioning (Q76-Q95)
Section 5: Personal Care & Hygiene (Q96-Q120)
Section 6: Nutrition, Elimination & Specimen Collection (Q121-Q145)
Section 7: Medications & Oxygen Therapy (Q146-Q160)
Section 8: Communication & Psychosocial Care (Q161-Q175)
Section 9: Restraints & Safety Devices (Q176-Q185)
Section 10: End-of-Life Care & Death (Q186-Q200)
SECTION 1: BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS & LEGAL/ETHICAL ISSUES
Questions 1-25
Q1. What can happen if constipation is not relieved?
A) Enema
B) Diarrhea
C) Incontinence
D) Fecal Impaction
Answer: D
Rationale: If constipation is not relieved, stool continues to accumulate in the
rectum and colon, becoming harder and drier. This leads to fecal impaction, a
mass of hardened stool that cannot be passed spontaneously. Fecal impaction can
cause bowel obstruction, perforation, and severe discomfort. It may also lead to
paradoxical diarrhea (liquid stool leaking around the impaction) or urinary
incontinence from pressure on the bladder. Enemas are a treatment, not a
complication of unrelieved constipation.
Q2. When removing soiled linens, you must wear:
1
,A) A gown
B) Face Mask
C) Eye Protection
D) Gloves
Answer: D
Rationale: Standard Precautions require gloves when there is potential contact
with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items such as
soiled linens. Gloves provide a barrier against pathogens and prevent
transmission of infection to the healthcare worker. Gowns, face masks, and eye
protection are used when there is risk of splashing or spraying of body fluids,
but gloves are always the minimum requirement for handling soiled linens.
Q3. Information that you can see, hear, feel, or smell is called:
A) Assessment
B) Observation
C) Objective data
D) Subjective data
Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data is information that is observable and measurable—what
you can see, hear, feel, or smell. Examples include: skin color, vital signs,
wound drainage, and breath sounds. Subjective data is what the patient tells
you (symptoms, feelings, pain level). Assessment is the overall process of
collecting both objective and subjective data. Observation is the act of
noticing, but objective data is the specific term for measurable, observable
information.
Q4. A resident continues to ask you the same question over and over again each
time you come into the room. You should:
A) Tell the person you are tired of answering the same question
B) Yell at the resident
2
,C) Report the behavior
D) Be patient
Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with dementia or cognitive impairment may repeat questions
due to memory loss, anxiety, or confusion. The nurse should respond with
patience and understanding, providing calm, consistent answers each time.
Repeating the same question is not intentional; it reflects the patient's
inability to retain information. Yelling or expressing frustration is
unprofessional and can increase the patient's anxiety. While reporting changes
in behavior is important, the immediate response should be therapeutic and
patient-centered.
Q5. Before leaving for lunch, you need to:
A) Use the bathroom and wash your hands
B) Turn off the computer
C) Call home and check on your children
D) Tell the nurse
Answer: D
Rationale: Before leaving the unit for any break, the nursing assistant must
inform the nurse of their absence. This ensures continuity of care and patient
safety, as the nurse can assign someone else to cover the nursing assistant's
responsibilities while they are away. Patient safety and delegation are the
priorities. Handwashing should be done before and after breaks, but notifying
the nurse is the professional responsibility that ensures patient safety during
the break.
Q6. The most common cause of COPD/emphysema is:
A) Pollution
B) Family History
C) Asthma
3
, D) Smoking
Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and emphysema. Tobacco smoke damages the airways and alveoli,
leading to
chronic inflammation, loss of elastic recoil, and airflow obstruction. While
pollution, family history, and asthma are contributing factors, smoking accounts
for approximately 80-90% of COPD cases. Prevention and smoking cessation are
the
most important interventions for COPD.
Q7. When you assist a person to ambulate/walk, what should you do first?
A) Apply braces to the legs
B) Get crutches, cane, or walker
C) Apply a gait belt
D) Get the patient's glasses
Answer: C
Rationale: The first step in assisting a patient to ambulate is to apply a gait
belt securely around the patient's waist. The gait belt provides the caregiver
with a safe handhold to assist the patient, reducing the risk of falls and
injury to both the patient and caregiver. After applying the gait belt, the
nurse can then assess the patient's need for assistive devices (cane, walker),
ensure proper footwear, and begin the transfer. Safety is the priority.
Q8. Before putting your patient's feet on the floor for ambulation, you want to
ensure:
A) They wear whatever they want
B) Slippers
C) Cowboy boots
D) Non-skid footwear
4
ASSESSMENT BANK ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE
200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY GRADED A+|
|BRAND NEW VERSION!!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1: Basic Nursing Concepts & Legal/Ethical Issues (Q1-Q25)
Section 2: Infection Control & Safety (Q26-Q50)
Section 3: Vital Signs & Assessment (Q51-Q75)
Section 4: Patient Mobility & Positioning (Q76-Q95)
Section 5: Personal Care & Hygiene (Q96-Q120)
Section 6: Nutrition, Elimination & Specimen Collection (Q121-Q145)
Section 7: Medications & Oxygen Therapy (Q146-Q160)
Section 8: Communication & Psychosocial Care (Q161-Q175)
Section 9: Restraints & Safety Devices (Q176-Q185)
Section 10: End-of-Life Care & Death (Q186-Q200)
SECTION 1: BASIC NURSING CONCEPTS & LEGAL/ETHICAL ISSUES
Questions 1-25
Q1. What can happen if constipation is not relieved?
A) Enema
B) Diarrhea
C) Incontinence
D) Fecal Impaction
Answer: D
Rationale: If constipation is not relieved, stool continues to accumulate in the
rectum and colon, becoming harder and drier. This leads to fecal impaction, a
mass of hardened stool that cannot be passed spontaneously. Fecal impaction can
cause bowel obstruction, perforation, and severe discomfort. It may also lead to
paradoxical diarrhea (liquid stool leaking around the impaction) or urinary
incontinence from pressure on the bladder. Enemas are a treatment, not a
complication of unrelieved constipation.
Q2. When removing soiled linens, you must wear:
1
,A) A gown
B) Face Mask
C) Eye Protection
D) Gloves
Answer: D
Rationale: Standard Precautions require gloves when there is potential contact
with blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, or contaminated items such as
soiled linens. Gloves provide a barrier against pathogens and prevent
transmission of infection to the healthcare worker. Gowns, face masks, and eye
protection are used when there is risk of splashing or spraying of body fluids,
but gloves are always the minimum requirement for handling soiled linens.
Q3. Information that you can see, hear, feel, or smell is called:
A) Assessment
B) Observation
C) Objective data
D) Subjective data
Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data is information that is observable and measurable—what
you can see, hear, feel, or smell. Examples include: skin color, vital signs,
wound drainage, and breath sounds. Subjective data is what the patient tells
you (symptoms, feelings, pain level). Assessment is the overall process of
collecting both objective and subjective data. Observation is the act of
noticing, but objective data is the specific term for measurable, observable
information.
Q4. A resident continues to ask you the same question over and over again each
time you come into the room. You should:
A) Tell the person you are tired of answering the same question
B) Yell at the resident
2
,C) Report the behavior
D) Be patient
Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with dementia or cognitive impairment may repeat questions
due to memory loss, anxiety, or confusion. The nurse should respond with
patience and understanding, providing calm, consistent answers each time.
Repeating the same question is not intentional; it reflects the patient's
inability to retain information. Yelling or expressing frustration is
unprofessional and can increase the patient's anxiety. While reporting changes
in behavior is important, the immediate response should be therapeutic and
patient-centered.
Q5. Before leaving for lunch, you need to:
A) Use the bathroom and wash your hands
B) Turn off the computer
C) Call home and check on your children
D) Tell the nurse
Answer: D
Rationale: Before leaving the unit for any break, the nursing assistant must
inform the nurse of their absence. This ensures continuity of care and patient
safety, as the nurse can assign someone else to cover the nursing assistant's
responsibilities while they are away. Patient safety and delegation are the
priorities. Handwashing should be done before and after breaks, but notifying
the nurse is the professional responsibility that ensures patient safety during
the break.
Q6. The most common cause of COPD/emphysema is:
A) Pollution
B) Family History
C) Asthma
3
, D) Smoking
Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and emphysema. Tobacco smoke damages the airways and alveoli,
leading to
chronic inflammation, loss of elastic recoil, and airflow obstruction. While
pollution, family history, and asthma are contributing factors, smoking accounts
for approximately 80-90% of COPD cases. Prevention and smoking cessation are
the
most important interventions for COPD.
Q7. When you assist a person to ambulate/walk, what should you do first?
A) Apply braces to the legs
B) Get crutches, cane, or walker
C) Apply a gait belt
D) Get the patient's glasses
Answer: C
Rationale: The first step in assisting a patient to ambulate is to apply a gait
belt securely around the patient's waist. The gait belt provides the caregiver
with a safe handhold to assist the patient, reducing the risk of falls and
injury to both the patient and caregiver. After applying the gait belt, the
nurse can then assess the patient's need for assistive devices (cane, walker),
ensure proper footwear, and begin the transfer. Safety is the priority.
Q8. Before putting your patient's feet on the floor for ambulation, you want to
ensure:
A) They wear whatever they want
B) Slippers
C) Cowboy boots
D) Non-skid footwear
4
