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Samenvatting Infectieziekten 2

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Dit is de volledige samenvatting van de hoorcolleges van infectieziekten 2, inclusief de antibiotica tabellen. Het document omvat in totaal 221 pagina's en is ruim voldoende voor het examen, succes !

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1. Inleiding:..............................................................................................................................5
1.1. Classificatie van micro-organismen:............................................................................ 5
1.2. Commensalen vs. pathogenen:................................................................................... 8
2. Bacteriële verwekkers van huid, weke delen & bloedbaaninfecties:............................ 9
2.1. Anatomie huid en frequente verwekkers:.................................................................... 9
2.2. S. aureus:.................................................................................................................. 10
2.3. Coagulase-negatieve staphylococcen:...................................................................... 18
2.4. S. pyogenes:..............................................................................................................19
2.5. Streptococcus agalactiae:..........................................................................................24
2.6. Mondstreptokokken:.................................................................................................. 25
2.7. Clostridium perfringens:.............................................................................................26
2.8. Bacillus anthracis:......................................................................................................27
2.9. Spirochaeten en cutibacterium:................................................................................. 29
2.10. Enterokokken en Pseudomonas aeruginosa:.......................................................... 31
3. Virale infecties van huid en weke delen:........................................................................ 35
3.1. Inleiding:.................................................................................................................... 35
3.2. Papovaviridae:........................................................................................................... 36
3.3. Poxviridae:................................................................................................................. 38
3.4. Geschiedenis van vaccinatie:.................................................................................... 42
3.5. Herpesvirussen:.........................................................................................................43
3.9. Koorts en huiduitslag: 'exanthemateuze kinderziekten’:............................................51
3.10. Samenvattend:.........................................................................................................57
4. Bacteriële RTI:.................................................................................................................. 58
4.1. Indeling van luchtweginfecties:.................................................................................. 58
4.2. Streptococcus pneumoniae:...................................................................................... 60
4.3. Haemophilus influenzae:........................................................................................... 62
4.4. B. pertussis:............................................................................................................... 64
4.5. Corynebacterium diphtheriae:....................................................................................67
4.6.Atypische (niet-lobaire) pneumonie:........................................................................... 68
4.7. Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Acinetobacter baumanii:.............................................. 72
4.8. Mycobacterium tuberculosis:..................................................................................... 74
4.9. Verwekkers van meningitis:....................................................................................... 80
4.10. Clostridium tetani:.................................................................................................... 84
4.11. Clostridium botulinum:............................................................................................. 85
5. Virale RTI:.......................................................................................................................... 87
5.1. Rhinovirussen:........................................................................................................... 87
5.2. Adenovirus:................................................................................................................89
5.3. Respiratoir syncytieel virus (RSV):............................................................................ 89
5.4. Influenza:................................................................................................................... 90
5.5. Coronavirus (HCoV):................................................................................................. 95
6. Urogenitale en intra-abdominale infecties:....................................................................99
6.1. Cystitis (blaasontsteking):..........................................................................................99
6.2. Intestinale infecties:................................................................................................. 102

, 6.5. Urineweginfecties:................................................................................................... 105
6.4. Gecompliceerde urineweginfecties:.........................................................................107
6.5. Veroorzakers van urethritis:..................................................................................... 109
6.6. Bacteriële vaginose:.................................................................................................111
6.7. Bacteroides:............................................................................................................. 112
7. Diagnose van infectieziekten:....................................................................................... 113
7.1. Introductie:............................................................................................................... 113
7.2. Pre-analytische fase:............................................................................................... 113
7.3. Analytische fase:......................................................................................................115
7.4. Post-analytische fase:..............................................................................................122
8. Gast-Gastheer interactie:...............................................................................................123
8.1. Bronchiolitis:............................................................................................................ 123
8.2. Osteomyelitis:.......................................................................................................... 126
9. Voedselgebonden infecties en diarree: bacteriën:......................................................129
9.1. Campylobacter:........................................................................................................129
9.2. Listeria monocytogenes:..........................................................................................129
9.3. Helicobacter:............................................................................................................132
9.4. Shigella:................................................................................................................... 133
9.5. Salmonella:.............................................................................................................. 134
9.6. Cholera:................................................................................................................... 137
9.7. Clostridium difficile:..................................................................................................140
10. Voedselgebonden infecties en hepatitis: virussen:.................................................. 146
10.1. Enterovirussen:......................................................................................................146
10.2. Rotavirus:...............................................................................................................149
10.3. Caliciviridae:.......................................................................................................... 151
10.4. Hepatitis:................................................................................................................152
11. Antibiotica deel 1: bèta-lactams:.................................................................................163
11.1. Algemeen:..............................................................................................................163
11.2. Penicilline:..............................................................................................................167
11.3. Cloxacilline:............................................................................................................168
11.4. Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid:................................................................................. 169
11.5. Penicilline allergie:................................................................................................. 170
11.6. Ceftriaxone:............................................................................................................171
11.7. Meropenem:...........................................................................................................171
12. Antibiotica deel 2: ß-lactam AB:................................................................................. 173
12.1. Penicilline:..............................................................................................................174
12.2. (flu)cloxacilline:...................................................................................................... 176
12.3. Temocilline en amoxicilline:................................................................................... 176
12.4. Sterktes en zwaktes van penicillines:................................................................... 178
12.5. Cefalosporines:......................................................................................................180
12.6. Carbapenems:....................................................................................................... 184
13. Antibiotica deel 3: niet ß-lactam AB:.......................................................................... 185
13.1. Macroliden:............................................................................................................ 185
13.2. Tetracyclines:......................................................................................................... 188

, 13.3. Fluoroquinolones:.................................................................................................. 189
13.4. Co-trimoxazole:......................................................................................................190
13.5. Nitrofurantoin:........................................................................................................ 193
13.6. Fosfomycine:......................................................................................................... 193
14. Antibiotica deel 4: amycoglycosiden, glycopeptiden, reserve, …...........................194
14.1. Vancomycine:........................................................................................................ 195
14.2. Clindamycine:........................................................................................................ 197
14.3. Linezolid:................................................................................................................199
14.4. Aminoglycosides:...................................................................................................201
14.5. Alternatieven:.........................................................................................................205
15. Antibiotica deel 5: antifungale en antiparasitaire middelen:....................................207
15.1. Inleiding:................................................................................................................ 207
15.2. Antifungale infecties:..............................................................................................209
15.3. Azoles:................................................................................................................... 211
15.4. Echinocandinen:.................................................................................................... 212
15.5. Amfotericine-B:...................................................................................................... 213
15.6. 5-fluorocytosine (5FC):.......................................................................................... 213
15.7. Anti-mycobacteriële middelen:...............................................................................214
16. Principes van antibiotica resistentie:......................................................................... 217
16.1. Inleiding:................................................................................................................ 217
16.2. Mechanismen om resistentie te verwerven:.......................................................... 217
16.3. Genetische component van resistentie:.................................................................218
16.4. Mechanismen van resistentie:............................................................................... 219
16.5. ß-lactams:.............................................................................................................. 220
16.6. Quinolonen:........................................................................................................... 221
16.7. prevention of access to target:...............................................................................223
17. Parasitaire aandoeningen:...........................................................................................225
17.1. Inleiding:................................................................................................................ 225
17.2. Case 1: Giardiasis................................................................................................. 226
17.3. Case 2: Scabies:....................................................................................................228
17.4. Case 3:.................................................................................................................. 229
17.5. Case 4: Hair lice:................................................................................................... 230
17.6. Case 5: Toxocariasis:.............................................................................................230
17.7. Case 6:.................................................................................................................. 231
17.8. Case 7: Taeniasis:................................................................................................. 231
17.9. Andere zeldzame condities:...................................................................................232
18. Antibiotica deel 6: drug-bug combinaties & gebruik van AB:..................................235
18.2. D van drug choice:.................................................................................................236
18.3. De-escalation:........................................................................................................237
18.4. Stoppen van AB:....................................................................................................238

, Infectieziekten 2

1.​ Inleiding:
1.1. Classificatie van micro-organismen:
virussen:
-​ met (grillige vorm) /zonder (vaak compacter) envelop
-​ dubbelstreng/enkelstreng
-​ DNA/RNA




replicatie:
virussen hebben een gastheercel nodig om
te repliceren, moeten telkens dezelfde cirkel
doorlopen
→ moeten daarna ook terug uit de GH
→ verspreiden

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August 13, 2026
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