Pathophysiology Final Exam Study
Guide Review Exam 1 with correct
answers 100% 2026
what is morbidity ? - Correct Answers -describes the effects an illness has on a person's life
-Concerned with the incidence, persistence, and long-term consequences of disease
what is mortality ? - Correct Answers pertains to the causes of death in a given population
-Cells revert to *smaller size* in response to decreased workload or adverse environmental
conditions
-Occurs when cell environment cannot support its metabolic requirements
-Cells smaller size allows for less metabolic demand and is compatible with survival - Correct
Answers atrophy
-Increase in cell size
-Results in enlargement of functioning tissue mass
-increases cell functional components which leads to greater metabolic demand - Correct
Answers Hypertrophy
-Normal stimuli includes exercise
EX: weightlifting -> cardiac ______ due to enlargement of each cardiac muscle cell - Correct
Answers Physiologic Hypertrophy
-Increased cellular size without an increase in the supportive structures necessary for increased
metabolic needs
-Occurs with disease process or compensatory maladaptation
-EX: left ventricular ______ in face of hypertension - Correct Answers Pathologic Hypertrophy
, -Increase in number of cells in a tissue or organ
-Occurs only in tissues which are capable of mitotic division such as epithelium and glandular
tissue
-Stimulated by hormonal or compensatory cellular mechanisms - Correct Answers Hyperplasia
-Hormonal: Stimulation in pregnancy-estrogen stimulation results in mitotic division of breast
gland cells
-Compensatory: Regeneration of liver after partial hepatectomy - Correct Answers Physiologic
Hyperplasia
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: nonmalignant condition relation to action of androgens on
prostate. - Correct Answers Non-Physiologic Hyperplasia
-Replacement of one cell type by another cell type
-Likely result of cells genetic reprogramming in response to change in environmental conditions
-Occurs in response to chronic inflammation or irritation
-Allows for substitution of cells that are better able to survive under circumstances in which a
fragile cell type might succumb
-Ex: Inflammation in lower esophagus (GERD) causes normal squamous epithelium type cells
into columnar stomach-like cells (greater tolerance to acid) - Correct Answers Metaplasia
-Deranged cellular growth within a specific tissue
-Results in cells that vary in size, shape and organization
-Adaptive but reversible
-Associated with chronic inflammation of irritation
-Ex: Cervical dysplasia (precursor to cancer) - Correct Answers Dysplasia
Guide Review Exam 1 with correct
answers 100% 2026
what is morbidity ? - Correct Answers -describes the effects an illness has on a person's life
-Concerned with the incidence, persistence, and long-term consequences of disease
what is mortality ? - Correct Answers pertains to the causes of death in a given population
-Cells revert to *smaller size* in response to decreased workload or adverse environmental
conditions
-Occurs when cell environment cannot support its metabolic requirements
-Cells smaller size allows for less metabolic demand and is compatible with survival - Correct
Answers atrophy
-Increase in cell size
-Results in enlargement of functioning tissue mass
-increases cell functional components which leads to greater metabolic demand - Correct
Answers Hypertrophy
-Normal stimuli includes exercise
EX: weightlifting -> cardiac ______ due to enlargement of each cardiac muscle cell - Correct
Answers Physiologic Hypertrophy
-Increased cellular size without an increase in the supportive structures necessary for increased
metabolic needs
-Occurs with disease process or compensatory maladaptation
-EX: left ventricular ______ in face of hypertension - Correct Answers Pathologic Hypertrophy
, -Increase in number of cells in a tissue or organ
-Occurs only in tissues which are capable of mitotic division such as epithelium and glandular
tissue
-Stimulated by hormonal or compensatory cellular mechanisms - Correct Answers Hyperplasia
-Hormonal: Stimulation in pregnancy-estrogen stimulation results in mitotic division of breast
gland cells
-Compensatory: Regeneration of liver after partial hepatectomy - Correct Answers Physiologic
Hyperplasia
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: nonmalignant condition relation to action of androgens on
prostate. - Correct Answers Non-Physiologic Hyperplasia
-Replacement of one cell type by another cell type
-Likely result of cells genetic reprogramming in response to change in environmental conditions
-Occurs in response to chronic inflammation or irritation
-Allows for substitution of cells that are better able to survive under circumstances in which a
fragile cell type might succumb
-Ex: Inflammation in lower esophagus (GERD) causes normal squamous epithelium type cells
into columnar stomach-like cells (greater tolerance to acid) - Correct Answers Metaplasia
-Deranged cellular growth within a specific tissue
-Results in cells that vary in size, shape and organization
-Adaptive but reversible
-Associated with chronic inflammation of irritation
-Ex: Cervical dysplasia (precursor to cancer) - Correct Answers Dysplasia
