Pathophysiology FINAL EXAM Review
with correct answers 100% 2026
When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the
nurse respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. - Correct Answers c
The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are
pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. - Correct Answers a
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that
apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. - Correct Answers b
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of
the following?
,a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY - Correct Answers a
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered
window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the original
boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. - Correct Answers d
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased
workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:
a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
d. decrease in length. - Correct Answers a
The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would
the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)
a. Swelling
,b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain - Correct Answers a,c,d,e
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting - Correct Answers b
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. - Correct Answers d
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. - Correct Answers b
, Cystic fibrosis is caused by what gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive - Correct Answers c
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT
scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. - Correct Answers d
During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis - Correct Answers d
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
with correct answers 100% 2026
When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the
nurse respond?
a. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
b. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.
c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
d. To provide specific responses toward antigens. - Correct Answers c
The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are
pulled apart is referred to as:
a. anaphase.
b. prophase.
c. metaphase.
d. telophase. - Correct Answers a
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that
apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
a. regenerate.
b. die.
c. atrophy.
d. age. - Correct Answers b
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of
the following?
,a. XXY
b. XYY
c. XX
d. XY - Correct Answers a
A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The glass from the shattered
window cut his face and neck. The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the original
boundaries of the wound. This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:
a. nutritional status.
b. contraction.
c. epithelialization.
d. collagen synthesis. - Correct Answers d
When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased
workload, cardiac myocardial cells will experience hypertrophy which is an:
a. increase in size.
b. increase in excitability.
c. decrease in number.
d. decrease in length. - Correct Answers a
The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would
the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)
a. Swelling
,b. Fever
c. Heat
d. Redness
e. Pain - Correct Answers a,c,d,e
Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?
a. Hyperventilation
b. Pneumonia
c. An increase in noncarbonic acids
d. Vomiting - Correct Answers b
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
a. Increased paternal age.
b. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35. - Correct Answers d
For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body will include:
a. protein buffering.
b. kidney excretion of H+.
c. kidney excretion of HCO3.
d. prolonged exhalations to blow off CO2. - Correct Answers b
, Cystic fibrosis is caused by what gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. Autosomal dominant
c. Autosomal recessive
d. X-linked recessive - Correct Answers c
A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) incoherent and semiconscious. CT
scan reveals that he is suffering from cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as:
a. pitting edema.
b. lymphedema.
c. generalized edema.
d. localized edema. - Correct Answers d
During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?
a. Exocytosis
b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
d. Phagocytosis - Correct Answers d
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of the
following fluid compartments?
a. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
