NR 507 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 100 MOST
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WEEK 5-8 LATEST STUDY GUIDE 2026 GRADED A+
1. Select all that apply: Which diseases are associated with Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Myasthenia Gravis
B. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease
E. Contact Dermatitis
Correct Answer:
A. Myasthenia Gravis C. Hemolytic Anemia D. Grave's Disease
Expert Rationale:
Type II hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated, usually involving IgG or IgM directed
against cell-surface antigens or receptors. Myasthenia gravis involves antibodies
against acetylcholine receptors, hemolytic anemia involves antibodies against red blood
cells, and Graves’ disease involves antibodies stimulating TSH receptors. SLE is mainly
Type III, and contact dermatitis is Type IV.
2. Select all that apply: Which findings are consistent with anaphylaxis?
A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Bradycardia
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production
Correct Answer:
A. Hypotension B. Bronchoconstriction D. Urticaria E. Increased mucus production
Expert Rationale:
Anaphylaxis is a severe Type I hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgE-mediated mast
cell degranulation. Histamine and other mediators cause vasodilation, hypotension,
bronchoconstriction, urticaria, and increased mucus production. Bradycardia is not
typical; tachycardia is more commonly expected due to hypotension and sympathetic
compensation.
,3. Which best describes a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
A. IgG-mediated cytotoxic reaction
B. Immune complex deposition in tissues
C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
D. Delayed T-cell-mediated response
Correct Answer:
C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
Expert Rationale:
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic reactions mediated by IgE
antibodies. Upon re-exposure to an allergen, IgE on mast cells triggers degranulation
and release of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins.
4. Select all that apply: Which are clinical manifestations of HIV?
A. Decreased CD₄ count
B. Opportunistic Infections
C. Weight gain
D. Wasting syndrome
E. Night sweats
Correct Answer:
A. Decreased CD₄ count B. Opportunistic Infections D. Wasting syndrome E. Night sweats
Expert Rationale:
HIV primarily targets CD₄+ helper T cells, leading to immune suppression. As CD₄
counts decline, patients become vulnerable to opportunistic infections, chronic fever,
night sweats, weight loss, and wasting syndrome. Weight gain is not a typical
manifestation of progressive HIV disease.
5. Select all that apply: Which factors contribute to autoimmune disease development?
A. Genetic Predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance
D. Decreased antibody production
E. Autoantibody formation
Correct Answer:
, A. Genetic predisposition B. Environmental triggers C. Loss of self-tolerance E. Autoantibody
Production
Expert Rationale:
Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system loses tolerance to self-antigens.
Genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and autoantibody production all
contribute. Decreased antibody production is more consistent with immunodeficiency,
not autoimmunity.
6. A patient develops hives and wheezing minutes after eating peanuts. This
reaction is best described as which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4
Correct Answer:
A. Type 1
Expert Rationale:
Hives and wheezing occurring within minutes of allergen exposure indicate an
immediate IgE-mediated reaction. Peanut allergy is a classic Type I hypersensitivity
reaction involving mast cell degranulation.
7. Select all that apply: Which conditions represent alloimmunity?
A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction
C. Rheumatoid Arthritis
D. Contact dermatitis
Correct Answer:
A. Kidney transplant rejection B. Blood transfusion reaction
Expert Rationale:
Alloimmunity occurs when the immune system reacts against antigens from another
person of the same species. Transplant rejection and transfusion reactions are classic
examples. Rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune, and contact dermatitis is Type IV
hypersensitivity.
8. Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
TESTED QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WEEK 5-8 LATEST STUDY GUIDE 2026 GRADED A+
1. Select all that apply: Which diseases are associated with Type 2 hypersensitivity?
A. Myasthenia Gravis
B. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
C. Hemolytic Anemia
D. Grave's Disease
E. Contact Dermatitis
Correct Answer:
A. Myasthenia Gravis C. Hemolytic Anemia D. Grave's Disease
Expert Rationale:
Type II hypersensitivity is antibody-mediated, usually involving IgG or IgM directed
against cell-surface antigens or receptors. Myasthenia gravis involves antibodies
against acetylcholine receptors, hemolytic anemia involves antibodies against red blood
cells, and Graves’ disease involves antibodies stimulating TSH receptors. SLE is mainly
Type III, and contact dermatitis is Type IV.
2. Select all that apply: Which findings are consistent with anaphylaxis?
A. Hypotension
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Bradycardia
D. Urticaria
E. Increased mucus production
Correct Answer:
A. Hypotension B. Bronchoconstriction D. Urticaria E. Increased mucus production
Expert Rationale:
Anaphylaxis is a severe Type I hypersensitivity reaction caused by IgE-mediated mast
cell degranulation. Histamine and other mediators cause vasodilation, hypotension,
bronchoconstriction, urticaria, and increased mucus production. Bradycardia is not
typical; tachycardia is more commonly expected due to hypotension and sympathetic
compensation.
,3. Which best describes a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
A. IgG-mediated cytotoxic reaction
B. Immune complex deposition in tissues
C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
D. Delayed T-cell-mediated response
Correct Answer:
C. IgE-mediated immediate allergic reaction
Expert Rationale:
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate allergic reactions mediated by IgE
antibodies. Upon re-exposure to an allergen, IgE on mast cells triggers degranulation
and release of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins.
4. Select all that apply: Which are clinical manifestations of HIV?
A. Decreased CD₄ count
B. Opportunistic Infections
C. Weight gain
D. Wasting syndrome
E. Night sweats
Correct Answer:
A. Decreased CD₄ count B. Opportunistic Infections D. Wasting syndrome E. Night sweats
Expert Rationale:
HIV primarily targets CD₄+ helper T cells, leading to immune suppression. As CD₄
counts decline, patients become vulnerable to opportunistic infections, chronic fever,
night sweats, weight loss, and wasting syndrome. Weight gain is not a typical
manifestation of progressive HIV disease.
5. Select all that apply: Which factors contribute to autoimmune disease development?
A. Genetic Predisposition
B. Environmental triggers
C. Loss of self-tolerance
D. Decreased antibody production
E. Autoantibody formation
Correct Answer:
, A. Genetic predisposition B. Environmental triggers C. Loss of self-tolerance E. Autoantibody
Production
Expert Rationale:
Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system loses tolerance to self-antigens.
Genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and autoantibody production all
contribute. Decreased antibody production is more consistent with immunodeficiency,
not autoimmunity.
6. A patient develops hives and wheezing minutes after eating peanuts. This
reaction is best described as which type of hypersensitivity?
A. Type 1
B. Type 2
C. Type 3
D. Type 4
Correct Answer:
A. Type 1
Expert Rationale:
Hives and wheezing occurring within minutes of allergen exposure indicate an
immediate IgE-mediated reaction. Peanut allergy is a classic Type I hypersensitivity
reaction involving mast cell degranulation.
7. Select all that apply: Which conditions represent alloimmunity?
A. Kidney transplant rejection
B. Blood transfusion reaction
C. Rheumatoid Arthritis
D. Contact dermatitis
Correct Answer:
A. Kidney transplant rejection B. Blood transfusion reaction
Expert Rationale:
Alloimmunity occurs when the immune system reacts against antigens from another
person of the same species. Transplant rejection and transfusion reactions are classic
examples. Rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune, and contact dermatitis is Type IV
hypersensitivity.
8. Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
