INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL INVESTIGATIONS CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS SET FULL QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTION

INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL
INVESTIGATIONS CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS SET FULL QUESTIONS
AND COMPLETE SOLUTION

●● Data
Answer: Collections of observations, such as measurements, genders, or
survey responses.


●● Statistics
Answer: The science of planning studies and experiments, obtaining
data, and organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, and
interpreting those data.


●● Population
Answer: The complete collection of all measurements or data that are
being considered.


●● Census
Answer: The collection of data from every member of a population.


●● Sample
Answer: A subcollection of members selected from a population.

, ●● Voluntary Response Sample
Answer: A sample in which the respondents themselves decide whether
to be included.


●● Statistical Significance
Answer: Achieved if the likelihood of an event occurring by chance is
5% or less.


●● Practical Significance
Answer: A finding that may be effective but does not make enough of a
difference to justify its use.


●● Misleading Conclusions
Answer: Statements based on statistical analysis that should be clear
even to those without statistical knowledge.


●● Sample Data Reported Instead of Measured
Answer: Better to take measurements yourself than to ask subjects to
report results.


●● Loaded Questions
Answer: Survey questions that can mislead results if not worded
carefully.