BIOS252 EXAM SCRIPT 2026 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Cardiac Muscle.
Answer: striated, involuntary, intercalated discs, uninucleated
◉ Smooth Muscle.
Answer: non-striated, involuntary, no intercalated discs,
uninucleated
◉ 4 major functions of muscles.
Answer: produce body movement, stabilize positions, store and
move substances, generate heat
◉ 4 properties of muscles.
Answer: electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
◉ Electrical Excitability.
Answer: ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to an action
potential
◉ Contractility.
,Answer: ability to shorten
◉ Extensibility.
Answer: ability to stretch without tearing to a certain degree
◉ Elasticity.
Answer: ability to return to resting length after contracting or
stretching
◉ Organization of Skeletal Muscle from largest to smallest.
Answer: skeletal muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril,
microfilament
◉ Organization of Skeletal Muscle from smallest to largest.
Answer: microfilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, skeletal
muscle
◉ Sarcomere.
Answer: contractile unit of a muscle fiber
◉ sarcolemma.
Answer: plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
, ◉ sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells that
stores calcium
◉ z-disc.
Answer: coin-shaped sheet of proteins that anchors the thin
filaments and connects myofibrils to one another
◉ m-line.
Answer: middle of sarcomere
◉ a band.
Answer: dark area; extends length of the thick filaments (myosin)
◉ i band.
Answer: light area; thin myofilaments only (z disc is center of i band)
◉ zone of overlap.
Answer: the densest, darkest area on a light micrograph
where thick and thin filaments overlap
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Cardiac Muscle.
Answer: striated, involuntary, intercalated discs, uninucleated
◉ Smooth Muscle.
Answer: non-striated, involuntary, no intercalated discs,
uninucleated
◉ 4 major functions of muscles.
Answer: produce body movement, stabilize positions, store and
move substances, generate heat
◉ 4 properties of muscles.
Answer: electrical excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
◉ Electrical Excitability.
Answer: ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to an action
potential
◉ Contractility.
,Answer: ability to shorten
◉ Extensibility.
Answer: ability to stretch without tearing to a certain degree
◉ Elasticity.
Answer: ability to return to resting length after contracting or
stretching
◉ Organization of Skeletal Muscle from largest to smallest.
Answer: skeletal muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril,
microfilament
◉ Organization of Skeletal Muscle from smallest to largest.
Answer: microfilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, skeletal
muscle
◉ Sarcomere.
Answer: contractile unit of a muscle fiber
◉ sarcolemma.
Answer: plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
, ◉ sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Answer: specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells that
stores calcium
◉ z-disc.
Answer: coin-shaped sheet of proteins that anchors the thin
filaments and connects myofibrils to one another
◉ m-line.
Answer: middle of sarcomere
◉ a band.
Answer: dark area; extends length of the thick filaments (myosin)
◉ i band.
Answer: light area; thin myofilaments only (z disc is center of i band)
◉ zone of overlap.
Answer: the densest, darkest area on a light micrograph
where thick and thin filaments overlap
