NUR 210/211
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Neuroglia - Correct Answer: Not electrically excitable, Make up about
half the volume of the nervous system, Can multiply and divide, 6 kinds
total (4 in CNS, 2 in PNS)
2. Four main neuroglia support CNS neurons - Correct Answer: astrocytes
microglial cells
ependymal cells
ogliodendrocytes
3. Astrocytes - Correct Answer: The more active the brain, the more are
produced
-Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched of glial cells
-Play role in exchanges between capillaries and neurons
4. Microglial cells - Correct Answer: Can transform to phagocytize
microorganisms and neuronal debris
5. Ependymal cells - Correct Answer: Line the central cavities of the brain
and spinal column, Form permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) in cavities and tissue fluid bathing CNS cells
,6. Ogliodendrocytes - Correct Answer: Processes wrap CNS nerve fibers,
forming insulating myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers
7. 2 major neuroglia in PNS - Correct Answer: satellite cells and schwann
cells
8. Satellite cells - Correct Answer: Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS
- Function similar to astrocytes of CNS
9. Schwann Cells (neurolemmocytes) - Correct Answer: Surround all
peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers,
Similar function as oligodendrocytes
- Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers
10.Myelination of neurons - Correct Answer: The myelin sheath is
produced by Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS) and it
surrounds the axons of most neurons
11.Myelinated - Correct Answer: having a myelin sheath
12.Unmyelinated - Correct Answer: lacking a myelin sheath
13.Gray matter - Correct Answer: gray area of the CNS, unmyelinated
14.White matter - Correct Answer: white substance of the CNS, myelinated
,15.Electrical Signals in Neurons - Correct Answer: Excitable cells
communicate with each other via action potentials or graded potentials
16.Action potentials (AP) - Correct Answer: allow communication over
short and long distances:
a sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease and eventually reverse
the membrane potential (depolarization) and eventually restore it to the
resting state (repolarization)
-Principal way neurons send signals
-Means of long-distance neural communication
-Occur only in muscle cells and axons of neurons
-Brief reversal of membrane potential with a change in voltage of ~100 mV
-Action potentials (APs) do not decay over distance as graded potentials
-Involves opening of specific voltage-gated channels
17.Graded potentials (GP) - Correct Answer: allow communication over
short distances only:
-occurs in response to the opening of a mechanically-gated or ligand-gated
ion channel
-Small deviations in resting membrane potential
-Short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential
-The stronger the stimulus, the more voltage changes and the farther
current flows
-Triggered by stimulus that opens gated ion channels
-Results in depolarization or sometimes hyperpolarization
-can be added together to become larger in amplitude
, 18.Production of an AP or a GP depends upon - Correct Answer: the
existence of a resting membrane potential and the existence of certain ion
channels
19.Resting Membrane Potentials - Correct Answer: The membrane of a
non-conducting neuron is positive outside and negative inside. This is
determined by:
Unequal distribution of ions across the plasma membrane and the selective
permeability of the neuron's membrane to Na+ and K+
Most anions cannot leave the cell
Na+ /K+ pumps
20.Ion Channels in Neurons - Correct Answer: -Leakage channels
-Ligand-gated channels
-Mechanically gated channels
-Voltage-gated channels
21.Leakage channels - Correct Answer: alternate between open and closed,
K+ channels are more numerous than Na+ channels
22.Ligand-gated channels - Correct Answer: respond to chemical
messengers (ligand binds to receptor)
23.Mechanically-gated channels - Correct Answer: respond to mechanical
vibration or pressure stimuli
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027
Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With
ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. Neuroglia - Correct Answer: Not electrically excitable, Make up about
half the volume of the nervous system, Can multiply and divide, 6 kinds
total (4 in CNS, 2 in PNS)
2. Four main neuroglia support CNS neurons - Correct Answer: astrocytes
microglial cells
ependymal cells
ogliodendrocytes
3. Astrocytes - Correct Answer: The more active the brain, the more are
produced
-Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched of glial cells
-Play role in exchanges between capillaries and neurons
4. Microglial cells - Correct Answer: Can transform to phagocytize
microorganisms and neuronal debris
5. Ependymal cells - Correct Answer: Line the central cavities of the brain
and spinal column, Form permeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) in cavities and tissue fluid bathing CNS cells
,6. Ogliodendrocytes - Correct Answer: Processes wrap CNS nerve fibers,
forming insulating myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers
7. 2 major neuroglia in PNS - Correct Answer: satellite cells and schwann
cells
8. Satellite cells - Correct Answer: Surround neuron cell bodies in PNS
- Function similar to astrocytes of CNS
9. Schwann Cells (neurolemmocytes) - Correct Answer: Surround all
peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers,
Similar function as oligodendrocytes
- Vital to regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers
10.Myelination of neurons - Correct Answer: The myelin sheath is
produced by Schwann cells (PNS) and oligodendrocytes (CNS) and it
surrounds the axons of most neurons
11.Myelinated - Correct Answer: having a myelin sheath
12.Unmyelinated - Correct Answer: lacking a myelin sheath
13.Gray matter - Correct Answer: gray area of the CNS, unmyelinated
14.White matter - Correct Answer: white substance of the CNS, myelinated
,15.Electrical Signals in Neurons - Correct Answer: Excitable cells
communicate with each other via action potentials or graded potentials
16.Action potentials (AP) - Correct Answer: allow communication over
short and long distances:
a sequence of rapidly occurring events that decrease and eventually reverse
the membrane potential (depolarization) and eventually restore it to the
resting state (repolarization)
-Principal way neurons send signals
-Means of long-distance neural communication
-Occur only in muscle cells and axons of neurons
-Brief reversal of membrane potential with a change in voltage of ~100 mV
-Action potentials (APs) do not decay over distance as graded potentials
-Involves opening of specific voltage-gated channels
17.Graded potentials (GP) - Correct Answer: allow communication over
short distances only:
-occurs in response to the opening of a mechanically-gated or ligand-gated
ion channel
-Small deviations in resting membrane potential
-Short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential
-The stronger the stimulus, the more voltage changes and the farther
current flows
-Triggered by stimulus that opens gated ion channels
-Results in depolarization or sometimes hyperpolarization
-can be added together to become larger in amplitude
, 18.Production of an AP or a GP depends upon - Correct Answer: the
existence of a resting membrane potential and the existence of certain ion
channels
19.Resting Membrane Potentials - Correct Answer: The membrane of a
non-conducting neuron is positive outside and negative inside. This is
determined by:
Unequal distribution of ions across the plasma membrane and the selective
permeability of the neuron's membrane to Na+ and K+
Most anions cannot leave the cell
Na+ /K+ pumps
20.Ion Channels in Neurons - Correct Answer: -Leakage channels
-Ligand-gated channels
-Mechanically gated channels
-Voltage-gated channels
21.Leakage channels - Correct Answer: alternate between open and closed,
K+ channels are more numerous than Na+ channels
22.Ligand-gated channels - Correct Answer: respond to chemical
messengers (ligand binds to receptor)
23.Mechanically-gated channels - Correct Answer: respond to mechanical
vibration or pressure stimuli
