PSY 659 Advanced Psychopathology Midterm Study Guide Exam – Complete High-Yield Test Bank, DSM-5-TR Diagnostic Criteria & Detailed Solutions (Grade A+)

PSY 659 Midterm Study Guide Exam With
Correct Solutions 2026


Question 1
Which of the following is NOT an example of a conditioned response?

A. Fear response (autonomic arousal) when walking down a dark street
B. Startle response in response to the sight of a gun
C. Startle response in response to a loud noise
D. A positive emotional response when a man smells his girlfriend's
perfume

*Correct Answer: C. *

Rationale: A startle response to a loud noise is an unconditioned response
(UR) because it is a natural, unlearned reflex. The other options are
conditioned responses (CR) that have been learned through pairing with
stimuli.




Question 2
Which of the following is NOT an example of an unconditioned response?

A. Salivation in response to food in the mouth
B. Pupil constriction due to bright light in the eye
C. Salivation in response to the sound of a dinner bell
D. An eye blink in response to a puff of air in the eye

*Correct Answer: C. *

,Rationale: Salivation to the sound of a dinner bell is a conditioned response
(CR) because it has been learned through pairing. The other options are
unconditioned responses (UR) that occur naturally without prior learning.




Question 3
Stimulation that is painful to the body is an example of a(n) ____________
stimulus.

A. environmental
B. unconditioned
C. conditioned
D. neutral

*Correct Answer: B. *

Rationale: Painful stimulation is an unconditioned stimulus (US) because it
naturally elicits a response (e.g., withdrawal, crying) without any prior
learning. It does not need to be paired with another stimulus to be effective.




Question 4
A response elicited by the conditioned stimulus is referred to as a(n)
____________ response.

A. unconditioned
B. automatic
C. conditioned
D. learned

*Correct Answer: C. *

,Rationale: A conditioned response (CR) is the learned response that is elicited
by a conditioned stimulus (CS). It is acquired through pairing the CS with an
unconditioned stimulus (US).




Question 5
Another name for respondent conditioning is:

A. Verbal Conditioning
B. Instrumental Conditioning
C. Classical Conditioning
D. Operant Conditioning

*Correct Answer: C. *

Rationale: Respondent conditioning is also known as classical conditioning or
Pavlovian conditioning. It involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an
unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.




Question 6
In behavior modification, who was the first person to demonstrate the
process of respondent conditioning?

A. Skinner
B. Watson
C. Pavlov
D. Freud

*Correct Answer: C. *

Rationale: Ivan Pavlov was the first to demonstrate respondent conditioning
through his famous experiments with dogs, showing that a neutral stimulus
(bell) could become a conditioned stimulus when paired with food.

, Question 7
In order for respondent conditioning to be most effective, the neutral
stimulus should occur ____________ the unconditioned stimulus occurs.

A. more often than
B. after
C. before
D. at the same time

*Correct Answer: C. *

Rationale: For respondent conditioning to be most effective, the neutral
stimulus (NS) should be presented before the unconditioned stimulus (US).
This forward pairing procedure creates the strongest association between the
NS and the US.




Question 8
Respondent extinction involves:

A. Presenting the unconditioned stimulus without the conditioned stimulus
B. Presenting the conditioned stimulus repeatedly without the
unconditioned stimulus
C. Presenting a neutral stimulus
D. Presenting a punisher

*Correct Answer: B. *

Rationale: Respondent extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus (CS)
is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (US), causing the
conditioned response (CR) to weaken and eventually disappear. For example,
presenting the white rabbit (CS) without the loud noise (US) until Little Albert
no longer fears the rabbit.