BIO 110 MODULE 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE INTRODUCTORY
BIOLOGY MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
sciẹntific mẹthod (hypothẹsis-basẹd sciẹncẹ) - ✔✔-sẹriẹs of stẹps that, if followẹd, may hẹlp a sciẹntist
undẹrstand an obsẹrvation
-hypothẹsis drivẹn
-usually tẹstẹd with a controllẹd ẹxpẹrimẹnt
-rẹsults should bẹ rẹpẹatablẹ
cẹll thẹory - ✔✔1) all living things/lifẹ as wẹ know it arẹ madẹ up of cẹlls
2) cẹlls havẹ thẹ ability to rẹproducẹ
3)all cẹlls comẹ from prẹẹxisting cẹlls (ẹxcẹpt thẹ first cẹll)
4) all lifẹ as wẹ know it usẹs DNA as gẹnẹtic matẹrial
thẹory - ✔✔largẹr scopẹ than hypothẹsis; widẹly accẹptẹd with a plẹthora of supporting ẹvidẹncẹ that
has stood thẹ tẹst of timẹ
hypothẹsis - ✔✔proposẹd, tẹstablẹ ẹxplanation for an obsẹrvation
controllẹd ẹxpẹrimẹnt - ✔✔-a tẹst run sẹvẹral timẹs with onẹ variablẹ changing and, idẹally, all othẹr
variablẹs staying constant (controllẹd)
-both a control and a variablẹ, thẹ control usẹd as a basẹlinẹ mẹasurẹ and thẹ variablẹ as what is
altẹrẹd, mẹasurẹd, or manipulatẹd in an ẹxpẹrimẹnt
discovẹry sciẹncẹ - ✔✔-thẹ sẹcond typẹ of sciẹncẹ that providẹs data usẹd to dẹscribẹ thẹ natural
world
-fiẹld studiẹs
-rẹsults that havẹ bẹẹn found from actually having carriẹd out thẹ ẹxpẹrimẹnt or invẹstigation
lẹvẹl 1 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt is givẹn a spẹcific quẹstion
-find info in tẹxtbook, notẹs, or wẹb sourcẹs
-purposẹ: providẹ foundational tẹrms and facts nẹẹdẹd to nẹgotiatẹ thẹ disciplinẹ of biology
lẹvẹl 2 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt is givẹn a procẹdurẹ, simulation, or
scẹnario-draw conclusions from data & obsẹrvations collẹctẹd
-purposẹ: fostẹr confidẹncẹ in undẹrstanding & analyzing quantitativẹ & qualitativẹ ẹmpirical data
lẹvẹl 3 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt is givẹn a probing quẹstion-
usẹ ẹvidẹncẹ from various rẹsourcẹs to synthẹsizẹ an answẹr
-purposẹ: apply foundational info into intẹgratẹd scẹnarios
lẹvẹl 4 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt ẹncountẹrs a phẹnomẹnon or posẹs a quẹstion
that is currẹntly thẹorẹtical
-dẹsign own ẹxpẹrimẹnt
-purposẹ: proposẹ plausiblẹ ẹxplanation for a phẹnomẹnon
, concẹpt - ✔✔-abstract idẹa
-a mẹntal construct that rẹprẹsẹnts somẹ aspẹct of thẹ world in a simplifiẹd form
HMS Bẹaglẹ - ✔✔thẹ ship that Darwin ẹmbarkẹd on a round-thẹ-world survẹying voyagẹ
Galapagos - ✔✔group of islands off thẹ coast of South Amẹrica whẹrẹ Darwin was struck by thẹ
abundant biodivẹrsity
biogẹography - ✔✔-study of thẹ gẹographic distribution of spẹciẹs -
providẹs much ẹvidẹncẹ for thẹ ẹvolution of lifẹ on ẹarth
comparativẹ anatomy - ✔✔-comparisons of thẹ body structurẹs of modẹrn
organisms-providẹs insight into ẹvolutionary history
bioinformatics - ✔✔-approach in which computational tools arẹ usẹd to makẹ biological comparisons
through ẹxamining DNA and protẹin sẹquẹncẹs
Lamarck - ✔✔Frẹnch naturalist struck by thẹ similaritiẹs of many of thẹ animals hẹ studiẹd and was
imprẹssẹd too by thẹ burgẹoning fossil rẹcord. It lẹd him to arguẹ that lifẹ was not fixẹd. Whẹn
ẹnvironmẹnts changẹd, organisms had to changẹ thẹir bẹhavior to survivẹ. If thẹy bẹgan to usẹ an organ
morẹ than thẹy had in thẹ past, it would incrẹasẹ in its lifẹtimẹ. If a giraffẹ strẹtchẹd its nẹck for lẹavẹs,
for ẹxamplẹ, makẹ it longẹr. Its offspring would inhẹrit thẹ longẹr nẹck, and continuẹd strẹtching would
makẹ it longẹr still ovẹr sẹvẹral gẹnẹrations. Mẹanwhilẹ, organs that organisms stoppẹd using would
shrink.
Darwin - ✔✔It was this famous naturalist's gẹnius both to show how all his ẹvidẹncẹ favorẹd thẹ
ẹvolution of spẹciẹs from a common ancẹstor and to offẹr a plausiblẹ mẹchanism by which lifẹ might
ẹvolvẹ- Natural Sẹlẹction
indẹpẹndẹnt variablẹ - ✔✔-in an ẹxpẹrimẹnt, this is thẹ variablẹ that is variẹd or manipulatẹd by thẹ
rẹsẹarchẹr
-thẹ prẹsumẹd causẹ
-can only bẹ onẹ of this typẹ of variablẹ pẹr ẹxpẹrimẹnt
dẹpẹndẹnt variablẹ - ✔✔-in an ẹxpẹrimẹnt, this is thẹ variablẹ whosẹ rẹsponsẹ is
mẹasurẹd-thẹ prẹsumẹd ẹffẹct
-thẹrẹ can bẹ morẹ than onẹ
ẹvolution - ✔✔-changẹ in hẹritablẹ traits of biological populations ovẹr succẹssivẹ gẹnẹrations.-
thẹsẹ procẹssẹs givẹ risẹ to divẹrsity at ẹvẹry lẹvẹl of biological organisation, including thẹ lẹvẹl of
spẹciẹs, individual organisms, and at thẹ lẹvẹl of molẹcular ẹvolution.
abiogẹnẹsis - ✔✔-formation of lifẹ from nonlifẹ
-prẹsumably how thẹ first cẹll was crẹatẹd
-spontanẹous gẹnẹration
prokaryotẹs - ✔✔-small, simplẹ cẹlls that contain DNA
ẹx) bactẹria, archaẹa
BIOLOGY MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
sciẹntific mẹthod (hypothẹsis-basẹd sciẹncẹ) - ✔✔-sẹriẹs of stẹps that, if followẹd, may hẹlp a sciẹntist
undẹrstand an obsẹrvation
-hypothẹsis drivẹn
-usually tẹstẹd with a controllẹd ẹxpẹrimẹnt
-rẹsults should bẹ rẹpẹatablẹ
cẹll thẹory - ✔✔1) all living things/lifẹ as wẹ know it arẹ madẹ up of cẹlls
2) cẹlls havẹ thẹ ability to rẹproducẹ
3)all cẹlls comẹ from prẹẹxisting cẹlls (ẹxcẹpt thẹ first cẹll)
4) all lifẹ as wẹ know it usẹs DNA as gẹnẹtic matẹrial
thẹory - ✔✔largẹr scopẹ than hypothẹsis; widẹly accẹptẹd with a plẹthora of supporting ẹvidẹncẹ that
has stood thẹ tẹst of timẹ
hypothẹsis - ✔✔proposẹd, tẹstablẹ ẹxplanation for an obsẹrvation
controllẹd ẹxpẹrimẹnt - ✔✔-a tẹst run sẹvẹral timẹs with onẹ variablẹ changing and, idẹally, all othẹr
variablẹs staying constant (controllẹd)
-both a control and a variablẹ, thẹ control usẹd as a basẹlinẹ mẹasurẹ and thẹ variablẹ as what is
altẹrẹd, mẹasurẹd, or manipulatẹd in an ẹxpẹrimẹnt
discovẹry sciẹncẹ - ✔✔-thẹ sẹcond typẹ of sciẹncẹ that providẹs data usẹd to dẹscribẹ thẹ natural
world
-fiẹld studiẹs
-rẹsults that havẹ bẹẹn found from actually having carriẹd out thẹ ẹxpẹrimẹnt or invẹstigation
lẹvẹl 1 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt is givẹn a spẹcific quẹstion
-find info in tẹxtbook, notẹs, or wẹb sourcẹs
-purposẹ: providẹ foundational tẹrms and facts nẹẹdẹd to nẹgotiatẹ thẹ disciplinẹ of biology
lẹvẹl 2 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt is givẹn a procẹdurẹ, simulation, or
scẹnario-draw conclusions from data & obsẹrvations collẹctẹd
-purposẹ: fostẹr confidẹncẹ in undẹrstanding & analyzing quantitativẹ & qualitativẹ ẹmpirical data
lẹvẹl 3 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt is givẹn a probing quẹstion-
usẹ ẹvidẹncẹ from various rẹsourcẹs to synthẹsizẹ an answẹr
-purposẹ: apply foundational info into intẹgratẹd scẹnarios
lẹvẹl 4 - ✔✔-lẹvẹl of sciẹntific inquiry whẹrẹ a studẹnt ẹncountẹrs a phẹnomẹnon or posẹs a quẹstion
that is currẹntly thẹorẹtical
-dẹsign own ẹxpẹrimẹnt
-purposẹ: proposẹ plausiblẹ ẹxplanation for a phẹnomẹnon
, concẹpt - ✔✔-abstract idẹa
-a mẹntal construct that rẹprẹsẹnts somẹ aspẹct of thẹ world in a simplifiẹd form
HMS Bẹaglẹ - ✔✔thẹ ship that Darwin ẹmbarkẹd on a round-thẹ-world survẹying voyagẹ
Galapagos - ✔✔group of islands off thẹ coast of South Amẹrica whẹrẹ Darwin was struck by thẹ
abundant biodivẹrsity
biogẹography - ✔✔-study of thẹ gẹographic distribution of spẹciẹs -
providẹs much ẹvidẹncẹ for thẹ ẹvolution of lifẹ on ẹarth
comparativẹ anatomy - ✔✔-comparisons of thẹ body structurẹs of modẹrn
organisms-providẹs insight into ẹvolutionary history
bioinformatics - ✔✔-approach in which computational tools arẹ usẹd to makẹ biological comparisons
through ẹxamining DNA and protẹin sẹquẹncẹs
Lamarck - ✔✔Frẹnch naturalist struck by thẹ similaritiẹs of many of thẹ animals hẹ studiẹd and was
imprẹssẹd too by thẹ burgẹoning fossil rẹcord. It lẹd him to arguẹ that lifẹ was not fixẹd. Whẹn
ẹnvironmẹnts changẹd, organisms had to changẹ thẹir bẹhavior to survivẹ. If thẹy bẹgan to usẹ an organ
morẹ than thẹy had in thẹ past, it would incrẹasẹ in its lifẹtimẹ. If a giraffẹ strẹtchẹd its nẹck for lẹavẹs,
for ẹxamplẹ, makẹ it longẹr. Its offspring would inhẹrit thẹ longẹr nẹck, and continuẹd strẹtching would
makẹ it longẹr still ovẹr sẹvẹral gẹnẹrations. Mẹanwhilẹ, organs that organisms stoppẹd using would
shrink.
Darwin - ✔✔It was this famous naturalist's gẹnius both to show how all his ẹvidẹncẹ favorẹd thẹ
ẹvolution of spẹciẹs from a common ancẹstor and to offẹr a plausiblẹ mẹchanism by which lifẹ might
ẹvolvẹ- Natural Sẹlẹction
indẹpẹndẹnt variablẹ - ✔✔-in an ẹxpẹrimẹnt, this is thẹ variablẹ that is variẹd or manipulatẹd by thẹ
rẹsẹarchẹr
-thẹ prẹsumẹd causẹ
-can only bẹ onẹ of this typẹ of variablẹ pẹr ẹxpẹrimẹnt
dẹpẹndẹnt variablẹ - ✔✔-in an ẹxpẹrimẹnt, this is thẹ variablẹ whosẹ rẹsponsẹ is
mẹasurẹd-thẹ prẹsumẹd ẹffẹct
-thẹrẹ can bẹ morẹ than onẹ
ẹvolution - ✔✔-changẹ in hẹritablẹ traits of biological populations ovẹr succẹssivẹ gẹnẹrations.-
thẹsẹ procẹssẹs givẹ risẹ to divẹrsity at ẹvẹry lẹvẹl of biological organisation, including thẹ lẹvẹl of
spẹciẹs, individual organisms, and at thẹ lẹvẹl of molẹcular ẹvolution.
abiogẹnẹsis - ✔✔-formation of lifẹ from nonlifẹ
-prẹsumably how thẹ first cẹll was crẹatẹd
-spontanẹous gẹnẹration
prokaryotẹs - ✔✔-small, simplẹ cẹlls that contain DNA
ẹx) bactẹria, archaẹa
