A LEVEL GEOGRAPHY COMPREHENSIVE
TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PRACTICE SOLUTION VERIFIED
◉ Define a negative feedback loop. Answer: Changes are met with
responses that restore the balance back to the original state - e.g the
carbon cycle
◉ Define a positive feedback loop. Answer: One change from the
original state that triggers continuous problems, and cannot restore
itself - e.g cliff erosion
◉ What is the wave crest?. Answer: Highest point of the wave
◉ What is the wave trough?. Answer: Lowest point of the wave
◉ What is the wavelength or amplitude?. Answer: Distance between
one crest/trough to the next
◉ How is the wave height measured?. Answer: Distance from trough
to crest
◉ What is the wave fetch?. Answer: Distance of open water over
which the wave has passed, being uninterrupted by obstacles
,◉ What is the maximum fetch?. Answer: Distance from one coastline
to the next landmass. Often corresponds with the prevailing wind
direction
◉ What is the direction of prevailing winds in the UK?. Answer:
South-West
◉ How are tides caused?. Answer: gravitational pull of the sun and
moon, happening twice a day
◉ When does maximum high tide occur?. Answer: When the moon
and sun are in line
◉ What three points is wave energy controlled by?. Answer: Wind
force and direction
Duration of wind
Fetch size
◉ How are waves formed?. Answer: Wind blows over the surface of
the water, creating drag and gaining grip, with the friction causing
disturbance and forming waves as a result
◉ Why don't objects travel forward in water?. Answer: Because
waves have an orbital movement, and instead causes an up and down
movement known as the swell
,◉ What happens when waves reach shallower water?. Answer: The
movement is slowed by friction with the seabed, the wave increases in
height due to the rising seabed level, becoming taller and thinner,
eventually breaking and moving objects with it
◉ The water comes up the beach as _______, and returns as
__________. Answer: Swash, Backwash
◉ Give features of a constructive wave. Answer: Deposit material,
building gently sloping beaches
Created in calm weather
Strong swash, weak backwash
Low frequency (6-8 per min)
Long wavelength, low in height
Upper beach marked by ridges, berms, showing marks from previous
high tide as the beach material builds up
◉ Give features of a destructive wave. Answer: Created from distant
storms, powerful
High wave energy with long fetch
High frequency (10-14 per min)
Strong backwash, weak swash
Short wavelength, steep height
Creates steeper beach profile as a result
, Creates storm beaches, which are shingle ridges at the back of the
beach or where large material is hurled and deposited
◉ Give an example and explanation of high energy coastlines.
Answer: Wave energy is strong throughout he majority of the year, e.g
Western coast british isles. Prevailing and dominant wind direction is
westerly, and face the longest fetch (across atlantic). Max wave height
is greater on the west coast as opposed to the east
◉ What is a high energy coastline?. Answer: Strong prevailing winds
lead to high energy waves with greater erosion than deposition
◉ Give an example and explanation of low energy coastlines.
Answer: Islands add shelter, e.g the Isle of Wight, Estuaries and
sheltered bays have lower wave heights, waves spread out and energy
is dissipated. As a result, material is deposited. Enclosed seas also
have these features e.g Baltic Sea, with some of the longest
depositional landforms because of the sheltered water and low tidal
range
◉ What is a low energy coastline?. Answer: Low energy waves,
deposition exceeds erosion rate
◉ What is spring tide?. Answer: Gravitational pull of both sun and
moon, when alligned gives a higher high tide and lower low tide,
increasing the overall tidal range
Sun, moon and earth in straight line
TEST BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PRACTICE SOLUTION VERIFIED
◉ Define a negative feedback loop. Answer: Changes are met with
responses that restore the balance back to the original state - e.g the
carbon cycle
◉ Define a positive feedback loop. Answer: One change from the
original state that triggers continuous problems, and cannot restore
itself - e.g cliff erosion
◉ What is the wave crest?. Answer: Highest point of the wave
◉ What is the wave trough?. Answer: Lowest point of the wave
◉ What is the wavelength or amplitude?. Answer: Distance between
one crest/trough to the next
◉ How is the wave height measured?. Answer: Distance from trough
to crest
◉ What is the wave fetch?. Answer: Distance of open water over
which the wave has passed, being uninterrupted by obstacles
,◉ What is the maximum fetch?. Answer: Distance from one coastline
to the next landmass. Often corresponds with the prevailing wind
direction
◉ What is the direction of prevailing winds in the UK?. Answer:
South-West
◉ How are tides caused?. Answer: gravitational pull of the sun and
moon, happening twice a day
◉ When does maximum high tide occur?. Answer: When the moon
and sun are in line
◉ What three points is wave energy controlled by?. Answer: Wind
force and direction
Duration of wind
Fetch size
◉ How are waves formed?. Answer: Wind blows over the surface of
the water, creating drag and gaining grip, with the friction causing
disturbance and forming waves as a result
◉ Why don't objects travel forward in water?. Answer: Because
waves have an orbital movement, and instead causes an up and down
movement known as the swell
,◉ What happens when waves reach shallower water?. Answer: The
movement is slowed by friction with the seabed, the wave increases in
height due to the rising seabed level, becoming taller and thinner,
eventually breaking and moving objects with it
◉ The water comes up the beach as _______, and returns as
__________. Answer: Swash, Backwash
◉ Give features of a constructive wave. Answer: Deposit material,
building gently sloping beaches
Created in calm weather
Strong swash, weak backwash
Low frequency (6-8 per min)
Long wavelength, low in height
Upper beach marked by ridges, berms, showing marks from previous
high tide as the beach material builds up
◉ Give features of a destructive wave. Answer: Created from distant
storms, powerful
High wave energy with long fetch
High frequency (10-14 per min)
Strong backwash, weak swash
Short wavelength, steep height
Creates steeper beach profile as a result
, Creates storm beaches, which are shingle ridges at the back of the
beach or where large material is hurled and deposited
◉ Give an example and explanation of high energy coastlines.
Answer: Wave energy is strong throughout he majority of the year, e.g
Western coast british isles. Prevailing and dominant wind direction is
westerly, and face the longest fetch (across atlantic). Max wave height
is greater on the west coast as opposed to the east
◉ What is a high energy coastline?. Answer: Strong prevailing winds
lead to high energy waves with greater erosion than deposition
◉ Give an example and explanation of low energy coastlines.
Answer: Islands add shelter, e.g the Isle of Wight, Estuaries and
sheltered bays have lower wave heights, waves spread out and energy
is dissipated. As a result, material is deposited. Enclosed seas also
have these features e.g Baltic Sea, with some of the longest
depositional landforms because of the sheltered water and low tidal
range
◉ What is a low energy coastline?. Answer: Low energy waves,
deposition exceeds erosion rate
◉ What is spring tide?. Answer: Gravitational pull of both sun and
moon, when alligned gives a higher high tide and lower low tide,
increasing the overall tidal range
Sun, moon and earth in straight line
